Experimental warming advances phenology of groundlayer plants at the boreal‐temperate forest ecotone

Rice, Karen; Montgomery, Rebecca; Stefański, Artur; Rich, Roy L.; Reich, Peter B.

doi:10.1002/ajb2.1091

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We believe our data based on the long‐term in situ observations can be more trustworthy. In addition, our findings in the natural conditions are not consistent with the results based on climate change experiments that the manipulated climate warming causes extended LOS (Arfin Khan et al, ; Rice et al, ). This could be due to the differences in range of effect sizes, which is dependent on the number of global change drivers adopted in the experiments (Leuzinger et al, ).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Climate Warming Does Not Always Extend the Plant Growing Season in Inner Mongolian Grasslands: Evidence From a 30‐Year In Situ Observations at Eight Experimental Sites

Wang

Huang

Wei³

et al. 2019

JGR Biogeosciences

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Over the past three decades, a generally increased air temperature occurred at most places in Inner Mongolia. Such a climate warming, which outpaced the global average warming rate, has been reported to significantly influence the vegetation phenology across the Inner Mongolia grasslands. However, there is less evidence from in situ observations to demonstrate the effect of climate warming on grass phenology. In this study, we analyzed the trends in both climatic and grassland phenological variations using the data from a 30‐year in situ observations at eight experimental sites in Inner Mongolia. We found that the most significant warming occurred during the growing season, while the temperature in nongrowing season did not show significant trends. Under this warming climate, two thirds of the observed phenologies (start, end, and length of the growing season) for different plant species across the eight sites did not show significant changes. Plant phenology exhibited divergent shifts in magnitudes and directions, depending on not only climate variation but also plant species (e.g., L. chinensis).

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Climate Warming Does Not Always Extend the Plant Growing Season in Inner Mongolian Grasslands: Evidence From a 30‐Year In Situ Observations at Eight Experimental Sites

Wang

Huang

Wei³

et al. 2019

JGR Biogeosciences

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“…This confirms our hypothesis that leaf out in herbaceous species would be less responsive than tree seedlings to changes in light quality during spring. This result reaffirms the suggestion that the main cues controlling spring emergence in herbaceous species, which are submerged belowground during winter, are probably the timing of snow melt and increase in soil temperature rather than light quality (Price and Waser 1998, Rice et al 2018). Herbaceous species were monitored less often and on a less detailed scale than A. platanoides meaning that subtle differences in their phenology could be overlooked.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Understory light quality affects leaf pigments and leaf phenology in different plant functional types

Brelsford

et al. 2019

Preprint

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7Understory plant species take on different functional strategies, whereby some exploit periods 1 8 of available light in springtime before the canopy closes, and others also benefit from sunlight 1 9 later in autumn when the canopy opens again. These strategies involve understory species 2 0 coordinating phenological events to pre-empt canopy leaf out and to extend their growing 2 1 season beyond canopy leaf senescence, meanwhile accumulating photo-protective pigments 2 2 which mitigate periods of high-light exposure. Canopy closure brings shade to the understory, 2 3 but also causes drastic changes in light quality. Whilst many experiments manipulating spectral 2 4 quality have revealed understory plant responses to the changing R:FR ratio in shade, effect of 2 5 the blue and UV regions have been examined very little. We installed filters attenuating short 2 6 wavelength regions of the solar spectrum in a forest understory in southern Finland, creating the 2 7 following treatments: a transparent control filter, and filters attenuating UV radiation < 350 nm, 2 8 all UV radiation, and both UV and blue light. In eight understory species, representing different 2 9 plant functional types, we repeatedly assessed leaf optical properties to obtain epidermal 3 0 flavonol and anthocyanin contents from leaf emergence in spring to leaf senescence in autumn, 3 1 during both 2017 and 2018. Flavonols responded more to seasonal changes in light quality in 3 2 relatively light-demanding species than in shade-tolerant and wintergreen species; and were 3 3 particularly responsive to blue light. However, anthocyanins were largely unaffected by our 3 4 filter treatments, suggesting that other cues such as cold temperatures govern their seasonal 3 5 variation. UV radiation only accelerated leaf senescence in Acer platanoides seedlings, but blue 3 6 light accelerated leaf senescence in all species measured apart from Quercus robur. In 3 7 summary, seasonal changes in understory solar radiation in the blue and UV regions affected 3 8 leaf pigments and leaf phenology; particularly for more light-demanding species. An increase in 3 9 canopy duration under climate change will extend the period of shade in the understory, with 4 0 consequences for the spectral cues available to understory plants. The resultant reduction in 4 1 blue and UV radiation in shade, could delay leaf senescence in the understory even further. 4 2

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“…More broadly, climatic warming can also alter the timing of bud‐break and leaf senescence in a variety of plant species, including canopy trees, shrubs, and summer‐green herbaceous plants (Norby et al., ; Jacques et al., ; McDonough Mackenzie et al., ; Rice et al., ; Livensperger et al., ; Zohner and Renner, ). Notably, other studies have demonstrated that plants in arctic, subalpine, and alpine settings can adjust their leaf phenology in response to temperature regime adjustments (Inouye, ; Hoffmann et al., ; Wipf, ; Krab et al., ; Rice et al., ; Richardson et al., ). These high altitude and latitude species share the lack of a closed canopy with spring ephemerals, and therefore parallel responses with this study augment the result of plant leaf phenology in high light species being responsive to early spring warming.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One result of this general warming trend is changes in the timing of the onset of seasons, including the arrival of spring (Groffman et al., ; Wilson, ). In response to this warming, some species have adjusted the timing of life history events including egg hatching, migrations, flowering, and fruiting (Badeck et al., ; Forrest et al., ; Wipf, ; Hänninen and Tanino, ; Wilson, ; Hansson et al., ; Bertin, ; Jacques et al., ; CaraDonna et al., ; Groner et al., ; McDonough MacKenzie et al., ; Rice et al., ; Daru et al., ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early spring warming may hasten leaf emergence in Erythronium americanum

Tessier

2019

American J of Botany

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Premise Climate change is making spring arrive earlier than in the past, causing some species to alter the timing of their spring activities. This study addressed whether Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl. (trout lily), a common spring ephemeral, can emerge earlier if exposed to early spring warming. Methods I collected corms of Erythronium americanum in the fall, overwintered them in soil, and exposed them to warming in either mid (early treatment) or late (late treatment) February. The timing of leaf emergence was monitored and compared between treatments. Results Leaves exposed to early warming emerged earlier than those in the late treatment. Bud break happened closer to date of exposure to warming in the late treatment than in the early treatment. Conclusions Spring ephemerals may be able to produce leaves early in response to early spring warming induced by climate change. Risk of late frost and eventual shading by the canopy may limit the duration of a potentially extended growing season.

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Experimental warming advances phenology of groundlayer plants at the boreal‐temperate forest ecotone

Abstract: Climate warming will extend the growing season of groundlayer species in the boreal-temperate forest ecotone and alter the synchrony of their phenology.

Cited by 28 publications

References 56 publications

Climate Warming Does Not Always Extend the Plant Growing Season in Inner Mongolian Grasslands: Evidence From a 30‐Year In Situ Observations at Eight Experimental Sites

Climate Warming Does Not Always Extend the Plant Growing Season in Inner Mongolian Grasslands: Evidence From a 30‐Year In Situ Observations at Eight Experimental Sites

Understory light quality affects leaf pigments and leaf phenology in different plant functional types

Early spring warming may hasten leaf emergence in Erythronium americanum

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