Experimental verification on stability analysis of supported-liquid-membrane separation of metal ions by in-situ electrical impedance spectroscopy

Supported Liquid Membranes for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Aqueous Solutions

“…Previous studies proved that this complex species formation between the contaminant and the organic extractant does not only depend on the equilibrium constant of the reaction mechanisms, but also on the viscosity effect of the organic extractants which is governed by Stokes-Einstein equation [16,26]. The variation of permeability coefficient with Cyanex 923 concentration was reported by different studies for the removal of iron(III) [16] cadmium(II) [18], and phenolic compounds [27]. The optimum concentration of Cyanex 923 required for a quantitative extraction, depends on the nature of the feed and stripping phase, temperature and pH [28].…”

“…Increasing the organic extractant concentration leads to higher viscosity of the organic phase which can reduce the diffusion coefficient due to the effect of the shear stress [27]. Previous studies proved that this complex species formation between the contaminant and the organic extractant does not only depend on the equilibrium constant of the reaction mechanisms, but also on the viscosity effect of the organic extractants which is governed by Stokes-Einstein equation [16,26]. The variation of permeability coefficient with Cyanex 923 concentration was reported by different studies for the removal of iron(III) [16] cadmium(II) [18], and phenolic compounds [27].…”

“…SLMs have been extensively used for the recovery of metals from industrial process streams. Several authors have reported the recovery of metal and anions such as copper, zinc, nickel, Cr (VI), Hg, and cadmium through liquid membrane contactors [15][16][17][18].…”

“…Diclofenac([2-(2,6-Dichloroanilino)phenyl]aceticacid) and ibuprofen (methylpropyl)phenyl)propanoic acid) are typical representatives of analgesic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical compounds (NSAIDs).these types of drugs are easily accessible and sold over the counter [19].Traces of diclofenac are found in the effluent of water and was listed in the European first watch substances list [23] and for ibuprofen was found in sewage treatment plants effluents and surface water at concentrations ranging from 600 to 85,000 ng/L in parts of Europe, Canada, and USA [9,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In addition to anti-inflammatory, the emergence of psychiatric drugs in drinking water has garnered a lot of scientific interest, particularly with regard to the effects of longterm exposure.…”