Experimental verification of strain-dependent relationship between mycovirus and its fungal host

Kuroki, Misa; Yaguchi, Takashi; Urayama, Syun-ichi; Hagiwara, Daisuke

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107337

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…With the aim of developing biocontrol strategies using mycoviruses, many studies have so far focused on analyzing fungal isolates with strong hypovirulent phenotypes (for review, see [ 20 , 22 ]), without considering the whole mycovirome. Some elements highlighted in our study, such as the coinfection rate and the potential for cross-species transmission, should lead us to take caution since, as already pointed out by some authors [ 74 , 83 ], the outcome of the interactions between host and mycoviruses, and even between mycoviruses themselves during coinfections, still carry significant unpredictability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…One of the possibilities would be to have access to a larger number of isolates of the same species obtained from the same plots, which would in theory allow us to average out the contribution of the genetic makeup of fungal isolates. However, due to the differences in the genetic backgrounds of host isolates, and the fact that such variations in mycovirus isolates can also influence the final phenotype [ 83 ], the best strategy to evaluate the impact of mycoviral infection on host phenotype would be to conduct comparative studies using infected fungal isolates and the corresponding isogenic virus-free isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the RNA Mycovirome Associated with Grapevine Fungal Pathogens: Analysis of Mycovirus Distribution and Their Genetic Variability within a Collection of Botryosphaeriaceae Isolates

Comont,

Faure,

Candresse

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Botryosphaeriaceae are fungi involved in the decay of various woody species, including the grapevine, leading to significant production losses. This fungal family is largely ubiquitous, and seven species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been identified in French vineyards, with variable levels of aggressiveness, both in vitro and in planta. Mycoviruses can impact the life traits of their fungal hosts, including aggressiveness, and are one of the factors influencing fungal pathogenicity. In this study, the RNA mycovirome of fifteen Botryosphaeriaceae isolates was characterized through the high-throughput sequencing of double-stranded RNA preparations from the respective samples. Eight mycoviruses were detected, including three potential novel species in the Narnaviridae family, as well as in the proposed Mycobunyaviridae and Fusagraviridae families. A large collection of Botryosphaeriaceae isolates was screened using RT-PCR assays specific for 20 Botryosphaeriaceae-infecting mycoviruses. Among the mycoviruses detected, some appeared to be specialists within a single host species, while others infected isolates belonging to multiple Botryosphaeriaceae species. This screening allowed us to conclude that one-third of the Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were infected by at least one mycovirus, and a significant proportion of isolates (43.5%) were found to be coinfected by several viruses, with very complex RNA mycoviromes for some N. parvum isolates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the RNA Mycovirome Associated with Grapevine Fungal Pathogens: Analysis of Mycovirus Distribution and Their Genetic Variability within a Collection of Botryosphaeriaceae Isolates

Comont,

Faure,

Candresse

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…Previous studies have confirmed that even in combinations that do not result in visible phenotypic changes, gene expression and secondary metabolite production can be altered (Lee et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2023b). Additionally, although previous research on mycoviruses has primarily focused on the phenotypes of natural host strains under single conditions, recent studies have attempted to introduce viruses into different fungal strains and examine the phenotypic changes under various culture conditions (Córdoba et al, 2022;Kashif et al, 2019;Kuroki et al, 2023;Ning et al, 2022;Nuskern et al, 2021).…”

Section: Condition Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a comprehensive search for RNA mycoviruses is yet to be conducted. To conduct a comprehensive search for RNA mycoviruses, we established a dsRNA-specific fulllength sequencing method (Urayama et al, 2016;, which was used to elucidate RNA mycovirus diversity (Chiba et al, 2021a;Kuroki et al, 2023;Takahashi-Nakaguchi et al, 2019;Zhao et al, 2023b).…”

Section: Detection Of Mycovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greetings from virologists to mycologists: A review outlining viruses that live in fungi

Urayama,

Zhao,

Kuroki

et al. 2024

Mycoscience

Self Cite

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Viruses are genetic elements that parasitize self-replicating cells. Therefore, organisms parasitized by viruses are not limited to animals and plants but also include microorganisms. Among these, viruses that parasitize fungi are known as mycoviruses. Mycoviruses with an RNA genome persistently replicate inside fungal cells and coevolve with their host cells, similar to a cellular organelle. Within host cells, mycoviruses can modulate various fungal characteristics and activities, including pathogenicity and the production of enzymes and secondary metabolites. In this review, we provide an overview of the mycovirus research field as introduction to fungal researchers. Recognition of all genetic elements in fungi aids towards better understanding and control of fungi, and makes fungi a significant model system for studying microorganisms containing multiple genetic elements.

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A parasite odyssey: An RNA virus concealed in Toxoplasma gondii

Gupta,

Hiller,

Chowdhury

et al. 2024

Virus Evolution

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We are entering a “Platinum Age of Virus Discovery”, an era marked by exponential growth in the discovery of virus biodiversity, and driven by advances in metagenomics and computational analysis. In the ecosystem of a human (or any animal) there are more species of viruses than simply those directly infecting the animal cells. Viruses can infect all organisms constituting the microbiome, including bacteria, fungi, and unicellular parasites. Thus the complexity of possible interactions between host, microbe, and viruses is unfathomable. To understand this interaction network we must employ computationally-assisted virology as a means of analyzing and interpreting the millions of available samples to make inferences about the ways in which viruses may intersect human health. From a computational viral screen of human neuronal datasets, we identified a novel narnavirus Apocryptovirus odysseus (Ao) which likely infects the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Previously, several parasitic protozoan viruses (PPVs) have been mechanistically established as triggers of host innate responses, and here we present in silico evidence that Ao is a plausible pro-inflammatory factor in human and mouse cells infected by T. gondii. T. gondii infects billions of people worldwide, yet the prognosis of toxoplasmosis disease is highly variable, and PPVs like Ao could function as a hitherto undescribed hypervirulence factor. In a broader screen of over 7.6 million samples, we explored phylogenetically-proximal viruses to Ao and discovered 19 Apocryptovirus species, all found in libraries annotated as vertebrate transcriptome or metatranscriptomes. While samples containing this genus of narnaviruses are derived from sheep, goat, bat, rabbit, chicken, and pigeon samples, the presence of virus is strongly predictive of parasitic Apicomplexa nucleic acid co-occurrence, supporting that Apocryptovirus is a genus of parasite-infecting viruses. This is a computational proof-of-concept study in which we rapidly analyze millions of datasets from which we distilled a mechanistically, ecologically, and phylogenetically refined hypothesis. We predict this highly diverged Ao RNA virus is biologically a T. gondii infection, and that Ao, and other viruses like it, will modulate this disease which afflicts billions worldwide.

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Experimental verification of strain-dependent relationship between mycovirus and its fungal host

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Characterization of the RNA Mycovirome Associated with Grapevine Fungal Pathogens: Analysis of Mycovirus Distribution and Their Genetic Variability within a Collection of Botryosphaeriaceae Isolates

Characterization of the RNA Mycovirome Associated with Grapevine Fungal Pathogens: Analysis of Mycovirus Distribution and Their Genetic Variability within a Collection of Botryosphaeriaceae Isolates

Greetings from virologists to mycologists: A review outlining viruses that live in fungi

A parasite odyssey: An RNA virus concealed in Toxoplasma gondii

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