“…To avoid the effects of the strain gradient, threedimensionality and plasticity, the strain location was chosen relatively far from the crack front (Sarangi et al, 2013). The optimum radial location of the strain gage, r, was found using the approach proposed by Sarangi et al (2010Sarangi et al ( , 2013. Gage length of 1 mm was employed to eliminate the strain measure error (Berger and Dally, 1988;Younis and Kang, 2011).…”