Experimental verification of neutron phenomenology in lead and transmutation by adiabatic resonance crossing in accelerator driven systems

Arnould, H.; Bompas, C. A.; Moral, R. Del; Lacoste, V.; Vlachoudis, V.; Aleixandre, J.; Bueno, J.; Cerro, E.; González, O.; Tamarit, J.; Andriamonje, S.; Brozzi, D.; Buono, S.; Carminati, F.; Casagrande, F.; Cennini, P.; Collar, J. I.; Dumps, L.; Gelès, C.; Goulas, I.; Fernández, R.; Kadi, Y.; Klapisch, R.; Oropesa, J.; Placci, A.; Revol, J. P.; Rubbia, C.; Rubio, Juan Antonio; Saldaña, F.; Embid, M.; Gálvez, Jesús; López, C.; Pérez-Enciso, E.; Poza, M.; Sirvent, C.; Vieira, S.; Abánades, A.; Garcı́a, J.; Martínez‐Val, J. M.; Perlado, M.; González, Enrique; Hussonnois, M.; Naour, C. Le; Trubert, D.; Belle, E.; Giorni, A.; Heuer, D.; Loiseaux, J.M.; Méplan, O.; Nifenecker, H.; Schüßler, F.; Viano, J.B.; Angelopoulos, A.; Apostolakis, A.; Karaiskos, P.; Sakelliou, L.; Kokkas, P.; Pavlopoulos, P.; Eleftheriadis, C.; Kitis, G.; Papadopoulos, I.; Savvidis, E.; Tzima, A.; Zioutas, K.; Díez, Sergio Cañas; Pérez‐Navarro, A.

doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00584-5

Cited by 42 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…118). At about 46 cm from the centre of the lead volume (hole 10, z = +7.5 cm) the capture rate is 14 900 per 10 9 protons on our 7. For instance sodium iodide (NaI).…”

Section: Selected Examples Of Procedures For An Activatormentioning

confidence: 83%

“…One can observe a very hard spectrum, which is required for instance in order to fission the TRUs. The subsequent five spectra (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) correspond to different vertically segmented levels in the lead surrounding the core, in steps of 40 cm. All spectra are average spectra over the vertical bin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique is well known for measuring radiation doses. In our case we irradiated pairs of 6 LiF- 7 LiF sandwiches, either covered with cadmium to shield from the neutrons below 0.5 eV or uncovered. From the measurements of the neutron dose (from the difference between 6 Li and 7 Li), and taking advantage of the fact that the LiF material was thick enough to totally absorb neutrons below 0.5 eV, the integral neutron fluence through the detector could be evaluated (Fig.…”

Section: Thermoluminescence Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The element is initially available in the most appropriate chemical compound 7 , made from natural iodine (stable isotope 127 I). Shortly before administration, the compound is introduced in the activator driven by a small proton accelerator (23 MeV and 1 mA) and activated -for instance during a time of the order of one 128 I half-life (25 min) or correspondingly less for smaller activation strengths -with the help of the capture reaction 127 I + n → 128 I + γ, which transforms natural iodine into the tracing element 128 I with β --decay and a prominent γ-line at 443 keV.…”

Section: Selected Examples Of Procedures For An Activatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Results from the TARC experiment: spallation neutron phenomenology in lead and neutron-driven nuclear transmutation by adiabatic resonance crossing

Abánades

Aleixandre

Andriamonje

et al. 2002

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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We summarize here the results of the TARC experiment whose main purpose is to demonstrate the possibility of using Adiabatic Resonance Crossing (ARC) to destroy efficiently Long-Lived Fission Fragments (LLFFs) in accelerator-driven systems and to validate a new simulation developed in the framework of the Energy Amplifier programme. An experimental set-up was installed in a CERN PS proton beam line to study how neutrons produced by spallation at relatively high energy ( E n ≥ 1 MeV) slow down quasi adiabatically with almost flat isolethargic energy distribution and reach the capture resonance energy of an element to be transmuted where they will have a high probability of being captured. Precision measurements of energy and space distributions of spallation neutrons (using 2.5 GeV/ c and 3.5 GeV/ c protons) slowing down in a 3.3 m × 3.3 m × 3 m lead volume and of neutron capture rates on LLFFs 99 Tc, 129 I, and several other elements were performed. An appropriate formalism and appropriate computational tools necessary for the analysis and understanding of the data were developed and validated in detail. Our direct experimental observation of ARC demonstrates the possibility to destroy, in a parasitic mode, outside the Energy Amplifier core, large amounts of 99 Tc or 129 I at a rate exceeding the production rate, thereby making it practical to reduce correspondingly the existing stockpile of LLFFs. In addition, TARC opens up new possibilities for radioactive isotope production as an alternative to nuclear reactors, in particular for medical applications, as well as new possibilities for neutron research and industrial applications.

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“…118). At about 46 cm from the centre of the lead volume (hole 10, z = +7.5 cm) the capture rate is 14 900 per 10 9 protons on our 7. For instance sodium iodide (NaI).…”

Section: Selected Examples Of Procedures For An Activatormentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermoluminescence Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selected Examples Of Procedures For An Activatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Results from the TARC experiment: spallation neutron phenomenology in lead and neutron-driven nuclear transmutation by adiabatic resonance crossing

Abánades

Aleixandre

Andriamonje

et al. 2002

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…Accelerator Driven System (ADS), which consist in the coupling of an accelerator to a target installed in the center of a nuclear reactor, are viewed today as one of the possible ways to reduce the nuclear waste volume and the long term toxicity. It has been experimentaly demonstrated that an ADS has the potential to produce energy [1] but also to destroy nuclear waste [2]. It can also be used for radioactive isotope production, for example for medical applications [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

Piccolo Micromegas: First in-core measurements in a nuclear reactor

Pancin

Andriamonje

Aune

et al. 2008

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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An Accelerator Driven System (ADS) consists in the coupling of an accelerator with a nuclear reactor. Such systems will need neutron detectors working in a wide energy range and insensitive to X-and γ-rays. Micromegas technology has been proposed to achieve this goal. The ability of Micromegas to detect neutrons over a wide energy range has already been demonstrated and this detector is, under certain conditions, insensitive to γ-rays. A new Micromegas neutron detector called Piccolo Micromegas has been designed to get integrated neutron fluxes on different energy domains. For the first time, Piccolo Micromegas has been placed in the core of a nuclear reactor at Casaccia in Italy. The configuration of the detector will be presented as well as its functioning and the reasons of its insensitivity to γ-rays.The results of the operation of the detector will also be shown for low reactor power to high reactor power ans some improvements will be suggested.

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Hybrid Nuclear Reactors

Martínez-Val

Piera

Abánades

et al. 2011

Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia

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Experimental verification of neutron phenomenology in lead and transmutation by adiabatic resonance crossing in accelerator driven systems

Abstract: Energy and space distributions of spallation neutrons (from 2.5 and 3.57 GeV/c CERN proton beams)

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Results from the TARC experiment: spallation neutron phenomenology in lead and neutron-driven nuclear transmutation by adiabatic resonance crossing

Results from the TARC experiment: spallation neutron phenomenology in lead and neutron-driven nuclear transmutation by adiabatic resonance crossing

Piccolo Micromegas: First in-core measurements in a nuclear reactor

Hybrid Nuclear Reactors

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