Experimental verification of beta-decay-driven sublimation in deuterium-tritium ice held in spherical fusion targets

Mruzek, M. T.; Musinski, D. L.; Ankney, J. S.

doi:10.1063/1.341089

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Tritium is required to enable the hydrogen ice layer formation through beta layering, where self-heating from beta decay leads to a redistribution of HT ice with time. [60][61][62] Figure 5 shows an overview of the ∼ 11 ns implosion trajectory simulated with HYDRA-1D. [59] Compared to previous ICF experiments with Be shells, [54] the ablator thickness is reduced to 57 µm to decrease the remaining ablator mass to near zero, which will maximize the radiography contrast of the hydrogen layer.…”

Section: B Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platform for probing radiation transport properties of hydrogen at conditions found in the deep interiors of red dwarfs

et al. 2022

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We describe an experimental concept at the National Ignition Facility for specifically tailored spherical implosions to compress hydrogen to extreme densities (up to [Formula: see text] solid density, electron number density [Formula: see text]) at moderate temperatures ([Formula: see text]), i.e., to conditions, which are relevant to the interiors of red dwarf stars. The dense plasma will be probed by laser-generated x-ray radiation of different photon energy to determine the plasma opacity due to collisional (free–free) absorption and Thomson scattering. The obtained results will benchmark radiation transport models, which in the case for free–free absorption show strong deviations at conditions relevant to red dwarfs. This very first experimental test of free–free opacity models at these extreme states will help to constrain where inside those celestial objects energy transport is dominated by radiation or convection. Moreover, our study will inform models for other important processes in dense plasmas, which are based on electron–ion collisions, e.g., stopping of swift ions or electron–ion temperature relaxation.

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Section: B Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platform for probing radiation transport properties of hydrogen at conditions found in the deep interiors of red dwarfs

et al. 2022

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“…The capsule is evacuated, and then gaseous D 2 filled the capsule through the fill tube. The hohlraum is filled with 1000 Pa of 4 He gas to convectively cool the capsule, and is usually sealed with windows. The triple point temperature of D 2 used in the experiment is T m = 18.73 K, above which D 2 is liquid.…”

Section: Experiments and Inferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Mruzek et al showed that the fine crystalline details of the D 2 fuel layer appear virtually unchanged after three days [4]. It is because of the absence of driven forces that the D 2 ice will not redistribute spontaneously inside the capsule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the growth and redistribution of deuterium–deuterium layer driven by temperature gradient

Tao¹,

Wu²,

Dai³

et al. 2022

Nucl. Fusion

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We report results of crystal growth, layering of the deuterium-deuterium (D2) layers in cylindrical cryogenic targets. For the first time, we realized the global coverage of the D2 layer on the inner surface of the capsule through the crystal growth of D2 ice, and the control of the temperature field without the infrared radiation, foam lining, and magnetic field. Analysis of the image of X-ray phase contrast imaging shows that the thickness of the D2 layer is about 36.53 μm, and the inner surface roughness is 3.23 μm. The finite element method is applied to simulate the temperature field of the target, and the phase transition process of D2, revealing the mechanism of D2 covering the inner surface of the capsule. These initial experiments provide a new vision and method for exploring and achieving the pure crystal growth as well as layering of D2 without operation of radioactive tritium.

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“…If the capsule surface is kept just below the triple point of fuel, the ice will ultimately relax to a uniform radial thickness. The β-heating becomes an essential factor in forming a uniform and thick DT shell in a cryogenic capsule [7][8][9][10][11]. There is no doubt that DT fuel has the most promise for ignition because of larger reaction cross-section than other hydrogen combinations [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting spherical symmetry degeneration of non-infrared deuterium ice layer in a cryogenic capsule

et al. 2020

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A cylindrical cryogenic target containing deuterium fuel acts as an important surrogate to help understand implosion physics before the deuterium-tritium capability is brought online. Uniformity of the deuterium ice thickness is a key parameter for the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. Achieving and retaining a uniform deuterium ice layer in capsule without infrared radiation is difficult in engineering. The method used to calculate the ice thickness deviation of deuterium-tritium fuel is invalid when the bulk heat generation is equal to zero. Appearance solutions of the deuterium ice in steady state conclude that a uniform ice layer cannot be retained for long without infrared radiation. A transient algorithm by integrating heat transfer theory, the equation derived from Stefan problem and mass conservation with moving mesh technics in a finite element model can be applied to predict deuterium ice spherical symmetry degeneration. It is certified with good reliability by comparing the simulated results with theoretical and experimental data. As for the deuterium targets, the characteristics of linear approximation and integrability avert heavy work of moving mesh in analyses of stable and unstable scenarios. The work has great support for the cryogenic processing and engineering design of ICF targets.

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Experimental verification of beta-decay-driven sublimation in deuterium-tritium ice held in spherical fusion targets

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Platform for probing radiation transport properties of hydrogen at conditions found in the deep interiors of red dwarfs

Platform for probing radiation transport properties of hydrogen at conditions found in the deep interiors of red dwarfs

Study on the growth and redistribution of deuterium–deuterium layer driven by temperature gradient

Predicting spherical symmetry degeneration of non-infrared deuterium ice layer in a cryogenic capsule

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