Experimental validation of the 3-parameter critical power model in cycling

Vinetti, Giovanni; Taboni, Anna; Bruseghini, Paolo; Camelio, Stefano; D’Elia, Matteo; Fagoni, Nazzareno; Moia, Christian; Ferretti, Guido

doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04083-z

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The relationship between t lim and power in this intense exercise domain is hyperbolic, as described by the critical power model (Jones et al 2010 ; Monod and Scherrer 1965 ), and more precisely by the three-parameter critical power model (Morton 1996 ), which includes also extreme exercise intensities (Vinetti et al 2019 ), up to the maximal lactic power. The critical power models clearly indicate that the new equilibrium here is not achievable, affecting maximal exercise duration.…”

Section: Matching Things In the Exercise Transientmentioning

confidence: 99%

A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise

et al. 2022

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After a short historical account, and a discussion of Hill and Meyerhof’s theory of the energetics of muscular exercise, we analyse steady-state rest and exercise as the condition wherein coupling of respiration to metabolism is most perfect. The quantitative relationships show that the homeostatic equilibrium, centred around arterial pH of 7.4 and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure of 40 mmHg, is attained when the ratio of alveolar ventilation to carbon dioxide flow ($${\dot{V}}_{A}/{\dot{V}}_{R}{CO}_{2}$$ V ˙ A / V ˙ R CO 2 ) is − 21.6. Several combinations, exploited during exercise, of pertinent respiratory variables are compatible with this equilibrium, allowing adjustment of oxygen flow to oxygen demand without its alteration. During exercise transients, the balance is broken, but the coupling of respiration to metabolism is preserved when, as during moderate exercise, the respiratory system responds faster than the metabolic pathways. At higher exercise intensities, early blood lactate accumulation suggests that the coupling of respiration to metabolism is transiently broken, to be re-established when, at steady state, blood lactate stabilizes at higher levels than resting. In the severe exercise domain, coupling cannot be re-established, so that anaerobic lactic metabolism also contributes to sustain energy demand, lactate concentration goes up and arterial pH falls continuously. The $${\dot{V}}_{A}/{\dot{V}}_{R}{CO}_{2}$$ V ˙ A / V ˙ R CO 2 decreases below − 21.6, because of ensuing hyperventilation, while lactate keeps being accumulated, so that exercise is rapidly interrupted. The most extreme rupture of the homeostatic equilibrium occurs during breath-holding, because oxygen flow from ambient air to mitochondria is interrupted. No coupling at all is possible between respiration and metabolism in this case.

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Section: Matching Things In the Exercise Transientmentioning

confidence: 99%

A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise

et al. 2022

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“…A solution for this issue is offered by the 3-parameter (3-p) model, where the time asymptote is the third, unconstrained, parameter ( k ), so that the predicted P for T lim = 0 takes a finite value ( P 0 ), theoretically corresponding to the maximal instantaneous power (20). In so doing, performance with a T lim below 1–2 minutes is no more overestimated, whereas estimations of CP are comparable with that of 2-p (35). This allows 3-p to accurately describe performance not only in the severe but also in the extreme exercise-intensity domain, i.e., where T lim is so low that exhaustion occurs before of oxygen consumption and blood lactate concentration can reach their maximal values (4,35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Nonetheless, a comparison with previously published data has been attempted (Table 2). Although it is likely that P 0 is inherently lower than maximal instantaneous muscular power, as demonstrated for untrained subjects (35), the predicted P for T lim = 1 second ( P 1 ) does not underestimate actual measurements in similar élite cyclists cohorts (7,31). Thus, as previously hypothesized (35), the validity of the 3-p model can be extended up to T lim of few seconds, but not near instantaneous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…*2-p = 2-parameter; 3-p = 3-parameter; CP = critical power; W′ = curvature constant; MAP = maximal aerobic power; P 0 = theoretical maximal instantaneous power; P 1 = maximum mean power for 1 s duration; k = time asymptote constant.†Numerical values of CP 2-p and 3-p are equal to the first decimal when normalized per body mass.‡Estimated as CP + 50 W (average difference between CP and MAP in (35)).§Single leg (halved) maximal instantaneous power measured by the force platform.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculated 95 th and fifth percentiles are also shown. Data of the current study are pooled with those of a previous study (35) to increase statistical power and generalizability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the Power-Duration Relationship in Professional Cyclists During the Giro d’Italia

Vinetti¹,

Pollastri²,

Lanfranconi³

et al. 2022

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Vinetti, G, Pollastri, L, Lanfranconi, F, Bruseghini, P, Taboni, A, and Ferretti, G. Modeling the power-duration relationship in professional cyclists during the Giro d'Italia. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 866-871, 2023-Multistage road bicycle races allow the assessment of maximal mean power output (MMP) over a wide spectrum of durations. By modeling the resulting power-duration relationship, the critical power (CP) and the curvature constant (W9) can be calculated and, in the 3-parameter (3-p) model, also the maximal instantaneous power (P 0 ). Our aim is to test the 3-p model for the first time in this context and to compare it with the 2parameter (2-p) model. A team of 9 male professional cyclists participated in the 2014 Giro d'Italia with a crank-based power meter. The maximal mean power output between 10 seconds and 10 minutes were fitted with 3-p, whereas those between 1 and 10 minutes with the 2-model. The level of significance was set at p , 0.05. 3-p yielded CP 357 6 29 W, W9 13.3 6 4.2 kJ, and P 0 1,330 6 251 W with a SEE of 10 6 5 W, 3.0 6 1.7 kJ, and 507 6 528 W, respectively. 2-p yielded a CP and W9 slightly higher (+4 6 2 W) and lower (22.3 6 1.1 kJ), respectively (p , 0.001 for both). Model predictions were within 610 W of the 20-minute MMP of timetrial stages. In conclusion, during a single multistage racing event, the 3-p model accurately described the power-duration relationship over a wider MMP range without physiologically relevant differences in CP with respect to 2-p, potentially offering a noninvasive tool to evaluate competitive cyclists at the peak of training.

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A regression method for the power–duration relationship when both variables are subject to error

2020

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Experimental validation of the 3-parameter critical power model in cycling

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise

A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise

Modeling the Power-Duration Relationship in Professional Cyclists During the Giro d’Italia

A regression method for the power–duration relationship when both variables are subject to error

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