Experimental validation of kinetic inhibitor strength on natural gas hydrate nucleation

Natural gas hydrate formation and inhibition in gas/crude oil/aqueous systems

“…The hydrate formation temperature in the presence of distilled water (control) was observed at 15.7°C. This result is in good agreement with our previous studies [27].The presence of a hydrocarbon layer reduces the hydrate formation temperature (Fig. 2).…”

“…2). For example the formation [25,27]. These results suggest the oil inhibition effect was more prominent as water cut decreases (Figs.…”

“…6). The possible inhibition mechanisms for these kinetic inhibitors were explained in previous studies [4,27,[35][36][37]. As seen from Fig.…”

“…Some compounds naturally found in sea water and reservoir fluids also act as inhibitors [25,26]. Such compounds may influence the required amounts of added inhibitor and their effect should thus be considered when optimizing hydrate management [27]. The behavior of natural gas-aqueous-crude oil systems are complex and is not completely understood due to the fact that it is affected by many factors such as gas-crude oil compositions (heavy hydrate formers, asphaltenes-resins, phenols, wax, naphthenic acids), physicochemical properties of the hydrocarbon phase (viscosity, solubility of the individual oil fractions), properties of the aqueous phase (pH, salinity) and other parameters which are not fully identified.…”

Recalcitrance of gas hydrate crystals formed in the presence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors

“…Finally, also a delay in the dissociation of a methane/ethane/propane hydrate formed in the presence of salinity, a liquid hydrocarbon phase and AFP III was observed (Sharifi et al, 2014c). Recently, delay in gas hydrate dissociation formed in the presence of different KHIs, was reported for natural gas hydrates (Daraboina et al, 2015b(Daraboina et al, , 2013a.…”