Experimental validation of a simple approximation to determine the linewidth of a laser from its frequency noise spectrum

Bucalović, Nikola; Dolgovskiy, Vladimir; Schori, C.; Thomann, P.; Domenico, G. Di; Schilt, Stéphane

doi:10.1364/ao.51.004582

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…2(a)]. While this performance is already attractive for a CEO-stabilized all-fiber laser system [9,21], it also raises the question of the mechanism of the increase in the linewidth observed in comparison to the oscillator performance. To uncover the origin of this broadening, a full understanding of the spectral distribution of the linewidth in the supercontinuum output of the HNF is mandatory.…”

Section: Broadband Study Of the Comb Linewidthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-running performance and full control of a passively phase-stable Er:fiber frequency comb

Fehrenbacher¹,

Sulzer²,

Liehl³

et al. 2015

Optica

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Optical frequency combs based on erbium-doped fiber lasers are attractive tools in precision metrology due to their inherent compactness and stability. Here we study a femtosecond Er:fiber comb that passively eliminates the carrierenvelope phase slip by difference frequency generation. Quantum statistics inside the all-fiber soliton oscillator governs its free-running performance. Active stabilization of the repetition rate supports a subhertz optical linewidth and does not necessitate additional intracavity elements. Direct locking to an optical atomic frequency standard enables generation of a 100 MHz microwave signal with a stability of 3.4 mHz maintained over 15 min.

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Section: Broadband Study Of the Comb Linewidthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-running performance and full control of a passively phase-stable Er:fiber frequency comb

Fehrenbacher¹,

Sulzer²,

Liehl³

et al. 2015

Optica

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“…As a (Color online) Frequency noise power spectral density (PSD) of the CEO beat measured at two different pump currents I low and I high at which f CEO 20 MHz, located on each side of the reversal point. Only the noise that exceeds the β -separation line S δν f 8ln2∕π 2 f (dashed line) contributes to the linewidth of the CEO beat [8]. Inset: corresponding CEObeat showing a higher signal-to-noise ratio at I high than at I low .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the carrier-envelope-offset dynamics on the stabilization of a diode-pumped solid-state frequency comb

et al. 2012

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We investigate the dynamics of the carrier-envelope-offset (CEO) frequency, f CEO , controlled by a pump current on the self-referencing of an optical frequency comb generated from a diode-pumped solid-state laser at 1.56 μm. We observe a reversal point in the tuning of f CEO with the pump current. Between the low-and high-frequency region in the dynamic response of f CEO to pump current modulation, we observe a significant phase shift of ≈180 deg in the transfer function. As a result, it is impossible to stabilize f CEO at a pump current above the reversal point, although the free-running CEO beat at this point has a higher signal-to-noise ratio than underneath the reversal point at which the locking is straightforward. Our results indicate that a high signal-to-noise ratio and a low-noise CEO beat are not sufficient indicators for the feasibility of comb self-referencing in cases for which CEO dynamics play a dominant role.In the past decade, fully stabilized optical frequency combs became a key component for many applications, such as optical atomic clocks, ultra-low-noise microwave generation or broadband high-resolution spectroscopy. Among the different existing comb technologies, Ti:Sapphire-based combs were the first to be selfreferenced [1]. This traditional technology is still commonly employed because of its low intrinsic noise and, to date, it constitutes the only laser capable of directly generating the octave-spanning spectrum required for comb self-referencing [2]. Ti:Sapphire lasers, however, suffer from some practical constraints, such as their complexity, high cost, and inefficient pumping. On the other hand, fiber oscillator systems are convenient and robust, but they are intrinsically noisier and thus require the use of more elaborate noise reduction techniques and higher feedback bandwidth to achieve a tight lock of the carrierenvelope-offset (CEO) beat. A promising alternative comb technology is the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM)-mode-locked diode-pumped solidstate laser (DPSSL), which combines positive aspects of the other two comb technologies, such as low intrinsic noise, high repetition rate capability, and efficient diode pumping.A key step in the achievement of a fully stabilized optical frequency comb is the detection of the CEO beat in an f to 2f interferometer [3] and its subsequent phaselock to a stable rf reference using a feedback loop. The pump power of the femtosecond laser generally is used to control and stabilize the CEO frequency f CEO . This is traditionally accomplished using an acousto-optic modulator in a Ti:Sapphire laser, whereas direct control of the injection current is the standard method applied to diode-pumped lasers, such as fiber lasers and DPSSLs.Many physical effects contribute to the change of f CEO with the pump power in a frequency comb, as it is exhaustively discussed in Newbury and Washburn [4]. The response of f CEO to a change in the pump power thus is not simple and generally leads to a nonlinear behavior, which may affect the CEO sta...

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“…An experimental validation of the approximated linewidth given by Equation (5) performed with CEO beat signals of fiber and DPSSL frequency combs proved its accuracy (within the experimental uncertainties) over more than three decades of linewidth values [48]. The concept of the β-separation line offers a simple tool to evaluate the feedback bandwidth that is required to achieve a tight lock in a stabilization loop [47].…”

Section: Ceo Stabilization Loopmentioning

confidence: 89%

Carrier-Envelope Offset Stabilized Ultrafast Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers

Schilt

Südmeyer

2015

Applied Sciences

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Optical frequency combs have been revolutionizing many research areas and are finding a growing number of real-world applications. While initially dominated by Ti:Sapphire and fiber lasers, optical frequency combs from modelocked diode-pumped solid-state lasers (DPSSLs) have become an attractive alternative with state-of-the-art performance. In this article, we review the main achievements in ultrafast DPSSLs for frequency combs. We present the current status of carrier-envelope offset (CEO) frequency-stabilized DPSSLs based on various approaches and operating in different wavelength regimes. Feedback to the pump current provides a reliable scheme for frequency comb CEO stabilization, but also other methods with faster feedback not limited by the lifetime of the gain material have been applied. Pumping DPSSLs with high power multi-transverse-mode diodes enabled a new class of high power oscillators and gigahertz repetition rate lasers, which were initially not believed to be suitable for CEO stabilization due to the pump noise. However, this challenge has been overcome, and recently both high power and gigahertz DPSSL combs have been demonstrated. Thin disk lasers have demonstrated the highest pulse energy and average power emitted from any ultrafast oscillator and present a high potential for the future generation of stabilized frequency combs with hundreds of watts average output power.

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Experimental validation of a simple approximation to determine the linewidth of a laser from its frequency noise spectrum

Cited by 47 publications

References 21 publications

Free-running performance and full control of a passively phase-stable Er:fiber frequency comb

Free-running performance and full control of a passively phase-stable Er:fiber frequency comb

Effect of the carrier-envelope-offset dynamics on the stabilization of a diode-pumped solid-state frequency comb

Carrier-Envelope Offset Stabilized Ultrafast Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers

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