Experimental validation of a methanol crossover model in DMFC applications

Eccarius, Steffen; García, Benito Mendoza; Hebling, Christopher; Weidner, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.11.102

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(33 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the methanol being evaporated by the air/oxygen flow [18] and the carbon dioxide which may be permeating from anode to cathode are often ignored. It has been observed by mass spectrometry that CO 2 crossover from anode to cathode and unreacted methanol passing through the cathode increase with increasing current density [19]. In order to obtain better results, another authors have performed in situ measurements using gas chromatography (GC) to measure both the methanol concentration in the condensed phase (methanol + water), after cooling of the cathode outlet stream, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the remaining gas phase [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Methanol Permeability through Pristine Nafion® and Nafion/PVA Membranes Measured by Different Techniques. A Comparison of Methodologies

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methanol crossover through polymer electrolyte membranes is a critical issue and causes an important reduction of performance in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Measuring the evolution of CO2 gas in the cathode is a common method to determine the methanol crossover under real operating conditions, although an easier and simpler method is preferable for the screening of membranes during their step of development. In this sense, this work has been focused on the ex situ characterization of the methanol permeability in novel nanofiber‐reinforced composite Nafion/PVA membranes for DMFC application by means of three different experimental procedures: (a) potentiometric method, (b) gas chromatography technique, and (c) measuring the density. It was found that all these methods resulted in comparable results and it was observed that the incorporation of the PVA nanofiber phase within the Nafion® matrix causes a remarkable reduction of the methanol permeability. The optimal choice of the most suitable technique depends on the accuracy expected for the methanol concentration, the availability of the required instrumental, and the complexity of the procedure.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Methanol Permeability through Pristine Nafion® and Nafion/PVA Membranes Measured by Different Techniques. A Comparison of Methodologies

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[19][20][21][22][23] As it is well known, this process of ORR tolerance is not sustained on platinum-based cathodes in presence of methanol. [20,[24][25][26][27][28] This is the reason why electrocatalysts based on a non-platinum material-or better on non-precious metals-have to be developed. Thus, the matter subject in modern electrocatalysis research is the search of novel materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum and Non‐Platinum Nanomaterials for the Molecular Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Alonso-Vante

2010

ChemPhysChem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herein, some chemical approaches to the tailoring of nanodivided materials are highlighted. Transition-metal materials in nanodivided form are essentially devoted to study the electrocatalytic reduction of molecular oxygen (ORR) in acid medium. This Minireview focuses on the physical and chemical structures of platinum-based and non-platinum-based materials. Due to the research dynamism in this field, the discussion is limited to a comprehensive review of ORR cathode materials investigated in the author's laboratory as well as to some relevant work obtained in other laboratories concerning the electrochemical ORR pathway and substrate effects.

show abstract

“…Part of the CO 2 at the cathode exhaust is due to parasitic oxidation of methanol at the cathode, while the rest is a consequence of CO 2 crossover from the anode. The last can be determined by a half-cell experiment by flowing hydrogen through the cathode, to avoid methanol oxidation, in such a way that all the CO 2 measured in the cathode outlet stream must have crossed the membrane from the anode [29].…”

Section: Anatomy Of a Pem Dafc And Alcohol Crossovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

Corti

González

2013

Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fuel cells are strongly linked to renewable energies, particularly to the so-called "Hydrogen Economy". For decades the development of fuel cells able to convert hydrogen and oxygen in electrical energy with water as unique byproduct has motivated huge activity in fundamental and applied electrochemistry.In this chapter we introduce the concept of methanol economy and discuss its status and perspectives. To be a reality the methanol and other alcohol economies depend on the development of alcohol feed fuel cells, whose components, operation modes and general performance are analyzed. World Energy Consumption: Current Status and TendenciesThe Stone Age did not end for lack of stone, and the oil age will end long before the world runs out of oil. Sheikh Ahmed Yamani (former Saudi Arabia's Oil Minister)The world energy consumption at the beginning of this decade was 12 billion tonnes of oil equivalent (toe), 1 and 87 % is generated by burning fossil fuels (oil 33.7 %, natural gas 23.6 % and coal 29.7 %) [1], which are non-renewable and increase the CO 2 content of the atmosphere, considered as the major man-made Around a half of the world energy demand corresponds to developed countries that originally signed the Convention on the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), including United States, Canada, Japan and European Community. An important fraction of the other half is consumed by Russia and the fast-developing countries; particularly China and India, being coal, the worst fossil fuel in terms of CO 2 emissions, and the most vastly employed in these highly populated regions.An important fraction, close to 40 % of the fuel resources is used for power generation, while industry and transport demand around 30 % and 20 %, respectively [1,2]. Projections of energy demands for the next decades is a subject that concerns oil-related industries [2-4], governments and energy planners. British Petroleum projections till 2030 [2] are summarized in Fig. 1.1, where the growth in energy demand is basically modulated by the growth of the population and gross domestic product (GDP), mainly due to the contribution of the non-OECD countries. By 2030, 1.3 billion more people will need energy; and the world income is expected to roughly double the 2011 level.The raise of fossil fuel prices to record levels in real terms over the past decade inevitably lead to supply responses, by development and deployment of new technologies across a range of energy sources. Thus, the "shale revolution", first for gas and then for oil, will allow account for almost a fifth of the increase in global energy supply to 2030 [2]. Simultaneously, high prices for fossil fuels will also support the expansion of biomass renewable energy supply, accounting for 17 % of the increase in global energy supply by 2030. Hydro and nuclear together will

show abstract

Experimental validation of a methanol crossover model in DMFC applications

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

On the Methanol Permeability through Pristine Nafion® and Nafion/PVA Membranes Measured by Different Techniques. A Comparison of Methodologies

On the Methanol Permeability through Pristine Nafion® and Nafion/PVA Membranes Measured by Different Techniques. A Comparison of Methodologies

Platinum and Non‐Platinum Nanomaterials for the Molecular Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Introduction to Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About