Experimental Turbidite Lamination in a Circular Flume

The turbidite problem: Some comments

“…He passes over the remarkable cumulation of points (more than a dozen!) favouring the identity (or at least close similarity) as listed by, e.g., Nesteroff and Heezen (1963), Emery (1960), Kuenen (1964). The similarity these authors claim has recently found support in a paper by Simpson (1969) in which he describes the occurrence below fine-grained flysch sandstones of a "pavement" similar to the one discovered by Nesteroff in the deep sea.…”

“…In reiterating earlier controversial matter he ignores much pertinent evidence and he fails to seek refutation of most arguments used by his opponents. These criticisms will be illustrated below, but for more detail the reader is referred to summaries given by the present writer (Kuenen, 1964(Kuenen, , 1967(Kuenen, , 1968.…”

“…Van der Lingen attaches much value to a paper by Mrs Rech-Frollo (1962) calling in doubt the foraminiferal evidence for deep water, although she based her opinion partly on work half a century old and on the argument that deep-benthonic species can occasionally be found in shallow water, showing that they are not convincing evidence for a deep environment. Against such remarks can be placed the work by Natland (1963), Crouch (1952), Brouwer (1965Brouwer ( , 1967, Emery (1960), Pflaumann (1967, in need of interpretation, see Kuenen, 1968), and Weidmann (1967), who all made special faunisitic studies and showed rather convincingly that flysch is a deep-water deposit. This is entirely confirmed by Seilacher (1967), on the strength of trace fossils.…”

Suspension-Driven gravity surges on horizontal surfaces: Effect of the initial shape

“…However, to evaluate ϑ only first order derivatives are required, unlike evaluation of the local curvature. Here, ϑ( y, t ) is computed as ϑ ( y, t ) = arctan ( ∂ x N /∂y ) , (18) where, x N corresponds to the front position in the upper symmetry plane ( x ≥ 0). At the time of release t = 0 , ϑ( y , 0) is such that (19) where η is the distance from the geometric centre of the rectangular cross-section to the local centre of the rounded portion of the rectangle (see Fig.…”

“…1 for schematics of the planar and cylindrical releases). These canonical setups have been extensively researched [14,16,[18][19][20][21][22]24,27] resulting in the development of a wide range of simple yet robust models. Indeed, one of the advantages of dealing with a simple geometric configuration is that at times the dimensional space may be reduced to two or even a single dimension making the derivation of elegant theoretical solutions possible.…”