Experimental Transmission of Japanese Encephalitis Virus by Culex Fuscocephala *

Muangman, Debhanom; Edelman, Robert; Sullivan, Michael J.; Gould, Douglas

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1972.21.482

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Ducklings inoculated with freshly-grown viruses did not show signs of disease, but viremia was detected in serum obtained from all except 3 ducklings (two in CH392 group, one in Sagiyama group) on 1 to 3 dpi. Viremia ranged from 2–5.5 log 10 PFU/mL; previous studies indicated that only 10 PFU of JEV is enough to infect mosquitoes [46,47]. There was no significant difference on the peak viremia titer among the six viruses tested in ducklings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Experimental Evaluation of the Role of Ecologically-Relevant Hosts and Vectors in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype Displacement

Karna

Bowen

2019

Viruses

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus that is maintained via transmission between Culex spp. mosquitoes and water birds across a large swath of southern Asia and northern Australia. Currently JEV is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable encephalitis in humans in Asia. Five genotypes of JEV (G-I–G-V) have been responsible for historical and current outbreaks in endemic regions, and G-I and G-III co-circulate throughout Southern Asia. While G-III has historically been the dominant genotype worldwide, G-I has gradually but steadily displaced G-III. The objective of this study was to better understand the phenomenon of genotype displacement for JEV by evaluating both avian host and mosquito vector susceptibilities to infection with representatives from both G-I and G-III. Since ducks and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are prevalent avian hosts and vectors perpetuating JEV transmission in JE endemic areas, experimental evaluation of virus replication in these species was considered to approximate the natural conditions necessary for studying the role of host, vectors and viral fitness in the JEV genotype displacement context. We evaluated viremia in ducklings infected with G-I and G-III, and did not detect differences in magnitude or duration of viremia. Testing the same viruses in mosquitoes revealed that the rates of infection, dissemination and transmission were higher in virus strains belonging to G-I than G-III, and that the extrinsic incubation period was shorter for the G-I strains. These data suggest that the characteristics of JEV infection of mosquitoes but not of ducklings, may have play a role in genotype displacement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Experimental Evaluation of the Role of Ecologically-Relevant Hosts and Vectors in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype Displacement

Karna

Bowen

2019

Viruses

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“…In Thailand, Cx. fuscocephala is considered to be an e$cient vector of JEV (Muangman et al, 1972). This species is very common on the Yaeyama Islands including Iriomotejima, but has never been found on Okinawajima and Amamioshima (Toma and Miyagi, 1986).…”

Section: D>h8jhh>dcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bloodmeal identification and feeding habits of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected at five islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

Tamashiro

Toma

Mannen

et al. 2011

Jap. J. Sanit. Zool.

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To determine the host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes, blood-fed mosquitoes were collected by 5 di#erent methods from various places such as mountain forests, residential areas and animal sheds of the following 5 islands, Amamioshima, Tokunoshima, Iheyajima, Okinawajima and Iriomotejima in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan over a 6 yr period (2005ῌ2010). A total of 975 bloodmeals derived from bloodfed mosquitoes of 35 species representing 11 genera were successfully identified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method, and 34 vertebrate species were identified as the bloodmeal hosts. Our results indicate that mosquitoes of the same genus show similar host preferences when blood source animals are classified into 5 major groups; mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes. The genus Anopheles exhibited mammalophilic and Aedes exhibited mammalophilic, but Ae. (Geoskusea) baisasi Knight and Hull fed predominantly on fishes. Host preferences of the genus Culex were somewhat di#erent among subgenera. Subgenus Culex fed on warmblooded animals, including mammals and birds, whereas other subgenera fed on various hosts both warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals. The Uranotaenia species were amphibian-feeders and also fed on reptiles and fishes, but not on warm-blooded animals. Medical importance of mosquito species is discussed as related to their feeding patterns and transmission of mosquito-borne diseases.

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“…fuscocephala in Thailand in 1970 [ 55 ], and later also detected and/or isolated in Indonesia [ 57 , 165 ], in Sri Lanka in 1987–1988 [ 52 ], in Malaysia in 1993 [ 59 ], in Taiwan [ 54 , 56 ] and throughout several surveys in India in mosquitoes collected 1985–1987 [ 58 ], 1991–1994 [ 53 ] and 2011–2013 [ 39 ]. Vector competence studies in the 1970s showed successful transmission to young chickens by mosquitoes from Thailand [ 60 ] and Taiwan [ 61 ] infected under laboratory conditions by feeding on viremic chicks or pigs, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Vector Competence for Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Auerswald

Maquart

Chevalier

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic pathogen mainly found in East and Southeast Asia and transmitted by mosquitoes. The objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge on the diversity of JEV mosquito vector species. Therefore, we systematically analyzed reports of JEV found in field-caught mosquitoes as well as experimental vector competence studies. Based on the investigated publications, we classified 14 species as confirmed vectors for JEV due to their documented experimental vector competence and evidence of JEV found in wild mosquitoes. Additionally, we identified 11 mosquito species, belonging to five genera, with an experimentally confirmed vector competence for JEV but lacking evidence on their JEV transmission capacity from field-caught mosquitoes. Our study highlights the diversity of confirmed and potential JEV vector species. We also emphasize the variety in the study design of vector competence investigations. To account for the diversity of the vector species and regional circumstances, JEV vector competence should be studied in the local context, using local mosquitoes with local virus strains under local climate conditions to achieve reliable data. In addition, harmonization of the design of vector competence experiments would lead to better comparable data, informing vector and disease control measures.

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Experimental Transmission of Japanese Encephalitis Virus by Culex Fuscocephala *

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Evaluation of the Role of Ecologically-Relevant Hosts and Vectors in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype Displacement

Experimental Evaluation of the Role of Ecologically-Relevant Hosts and Vectors in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype Displacement

Bloodmeal identification and feeding habits of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected at five islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

Mosquito Vector Competence for Japanese Encephalitis Virus

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