Experimental transmission of filarial larvae in relation to feeding behaviour of the mosquito vectors

Ho, Boon‐Chuan; Ewert, A.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(67)90130-7

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the present study, direct observations on the escape of infective larvae of D. immitis from the mosquito proboscis were made while infective A. aegypti fed on living mice. The observations of numerous authors that mosquito-borne filarial nematodes usually emerge from the tip of either labellum of the mosquito was confirmed (Bancroft, 1904;Lebredo, 1905;Mochizuki, 1910;Yamada and Komori, 1926;Rao and Iyengar, 1932;Feng, 1936;Roubaud et al t 1936;Yen, 1936;Phillips, 1939;Galliard, 1941;Menon and Ramamurti, 1941;Kotcher, 1941;Highby, 1943;Pratt and Newton, 1946;Henrard et a/., 1946;Ewert, 1967;Zielke, 1973). Our observations have led us to conclude that the exact site of emergence from the extreme tip of the labellum appears to be through the inner membranous wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, Lavoipierre (1958) believed that the conclusions of most investigators on the emergence of filarial larvae from arthropods are questionable because their observations were made under artificial conditions or on preserved material. We have seen only two reports on the emergence of filariae from mosquitoes during the act of blood-sucking on the vertebrate host; those of Ewert (1967) and Ewert and Ho (1967), who observed infective larvae emerging from the extreme tip of either labellum.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Studies on filariasis. III.Dirofilaria immitis: emergence of infective larvae from the mouthparts ofAedes aegypti

et al. 1974

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Infective larvae of Dirofilaria immitis commonly escaped from the tips of the Iabella and rarely from the mid-portion of the labium of Aedes aegypti as they engorged blood or just probed on mice. During the infective feed a small quantity of liquid, not more than 1 µI in volume, accumulated around the emerging larvae. Liquid was never seen when uninfected mosquitoes engorged on mice. This fluid is of insect origin and probably haemolymph that exuded from the lumina of the labella or labium during worm emergence. The presence of the fluid prevents dessication of larvae on the surface of the skin and maintains them in a liquid medium until they enter the puncture wound that remains after withdrawal of the biting fascicle. The possible effects of the fluid on the geographical distribution of mosquito borne filariae are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Studies on filariasis. III.Dirofilaria immitis: emergence of infective larvae from the mouthparts ofAedes aegypti

et al. 1974

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“…The fate of larvae after leaving the proboscis is not known for W. bancrofti , but experimental data for Brugia pahangi [ 59 , 60 ] revealed that during a single complete feeding 32% only of the escaping larvae succeeded in penetrating the tissues of experimental hosts. Similar results were obtained when the mosquito had a partial blood meal (31.3%) or made multiple attempts to feed (38,1%), when a single feeding attempt was unsuccessful, 10.2% of the escaping larvae succeeded in penetrating the tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature limits filarial transmission

Chandra

2008

Parasites Vectors

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Lymphatic filariasis, caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and B. timori is a public health problem of considerable magnitude of the tropics and subtropics. Presently 1.3 billion people are at risk of lymphatic filariasis (LF) infection and about 120 million people are affected in 83 countries. In this context it is worth mentioning that 'nature' itself limits filarial transmission to a great extent in a number of ways such as by reducing vector populations, parasitic load and many other bearings. Possibilities to utilize these bearings of natural control of filariasis should be searched and if manipulations on nature, like indiscriminate urbanization and deforestation, creating sites favourable for the breeding of filarial vectors and unsanitary conditions, water pollution with organic matters etc., are reduced below the threshold level, we will be highly benefited. Understandings of the factors related to natural phenomena of control of filariasis narrated in this article may help to adopt effective control strategies.

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“…These data clearly show the risk to HLC collectors, and it has been previously shown that Brugia nematodes, Plasmodium protozoa, and arboviruses can be transmitted through probing alone. [24][25][26][27] The HLC is also a skill-dependent approach (Table 2 and Supplementary Figure 1). In Liberia, the trained collectors were novices, whereas in Burkina Faso, the collectors had performed this method many times previously on other projects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling Host-Seeking Anthropophilic Mosquito Vectors in West Africa: Comparisons of an Active Human-Baited Tent-Trap Against Gold Standard Methods

Krajacich¹,

Slade²,

Mulligan³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In this study, we characterize the ability of the previously described Infoscitex tent (IST) to capture mosquitoes in comparison to either the Centers for Disease Control Light Trap hung next to individuals under a bed net (LTC) or to human landing catches (HLC). In Senegal, the IST caught 6.14 times the number of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), and 8.78 times the Culex group V mosquitoes as LTC. In one of two locations in Burkina Faso, the IST caught An. gambiae at a rate not significantly different than HLC. Of importance, 9.1-36.1% of HLC caught An. gambiae were blood fed, mostly with fresh blood, suggesting they fed upon the collector, whereas only 0.5-5.0% from the IST had partial or old blood. The IST also caught outdoor biting species in proportions comparable to HLC. The results show this tent provides a safer and effective alternative to the skill-dependent, risky, and laborious HLC method.

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Experimental transmission of filarial larvae in relation to feeding behaviour of the mosquito vectors

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Studies on filariasis. III.Dirofilaria immitis: emergence of infective larvae from the mouthparts ofAedes aegypti

Studies on filariasis. III.Dirofilaria immitis: emergence of infective larvae from the mouthparts ofAedes aegypti

Nature limits filarial transmission

Sampling Host-Seeking Anthropophilic Mosquito Vectors in West Africa: Comparisons of an Active Human-Baited Tent-Trap Against Gold Standard Methods

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