Experimental tailoring of a three-level<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi></mml:math>system in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Tm</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>:</mml:mo><mml:mi>YAG</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>

Seze, F. de; Louchet, A.; Crozatier, V.; Lorgeré, I.; Bretenaker, Fabien; Gouët, J.-L. Le; Guillot-Noël, O.; Goldner, Ph.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.73.085112

Cited by 60 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In 2005, Guillot-Noël et al theoretically showed that, for an adequate external field orientation, the branching ratio of the two transition probabilities reaches 0.24 in 2 crystalline sites out of the 3 that can be selected by laser beam polarization [20]. In 2006, we directly measured this optimal branching ratio to be 0.13 ± 0.02, proving that the nuclear spin selection rule is effectively relaxed [17,21]. An adjustable Λ-system can now be built, involving both ground state sublevels coupled to one of the two excited state sublevels.…”

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confidence: 82%

“…However, quantum storage demonstration in Pr-or Eudoped compounds is limited by the smallness of their hyperfine structure, not really matching the bandwidth of existing quantum sources. We recently demonstrated the existence of a Λ-system with adjustable ground state splitting in thuliumdoped YAG [17]. Widely adjustable splitting might help to match the bandwidth of existing quantum sources.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As a con- sequence the nuclear spin selection rule is relaxed. In YAG crystal, Tm ions are doped into low symmetry sites (D 2 ) with a gyromagnetic tensor anisotropy that is much larger in the electronic ground state than in the excited state [17]. For an appropriate orientation of the applied magnetic field, the optical transition probability ratio along the two legs of the Λ can be optimized.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optical excitation of nuclear spin coherence in aTm3+:YAGcrystal

Louchet

Bretenaker

et al. 2008

Phys. Rev. B

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A thulium-doped crystal is experimentally shown to be an excellent candidate for broadband quantum storage in a solid-state medium. For the first time, nuclear spin coherence is optically excited, detected and characterized in such a crystal. The lifetime of the spin coherence -the potential storage entity -is measured by means of Raman echo to be about 300 µs over a wide range of ground state splittings. This flexibility, attractive for broadband operation, and well fitted to existing quantum sources, results from the simple hyperfine structure, contrasting with Pr-and Eu-doped crystals.So far, the mapping of a quantum state of light onto an atomic ensemble has been implemented in atomic vapors [1] and cold atom clouds [2]. Because of their long optical coherence lifetimes at low temperature, rare-earth ion-doped crystals (REIC) have been extensively investigated for optical data storage [3] and data processing [4,5]. There has recently been renewed interest in these materials, stimulated by proposals to explore their adequacy to quantum memories [6,7,8,9,10]. To some extent, REIC at low impurity concentration are similar to atomic vapors with the advantage of no atomic diffusion.Most optical quantum memory protocols rely on the transfer of a quantum state of light into a long-lived atomic spin coherence that is free from decoherence via spontaneous emission. This can be achieved in a Λ-type three-level system where two hyperfine or spin sublevels are optically connected to a common upper level. The presence of a Λ-system ensures efficient coupling between light and matter together with long storage times. A Λ-system also represents a basic device where, in a simple way, the transition to be excited by the quantum field can be triggered for storage or restitution by an external control field. In the prospect of quantum storage, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) protocols involving Λ-type have been studied in praseodymium-doped materials [6,7].It is noteworthy that the essence of Λ-system operation, namely the optical excitation of nuclear spin coherence, has been practised in REIC for almost 30 years [11,12,13,14,15,16], but always in praseodymium-or europium-doped crystals. However, quantum storage demonstration in Pr-or Eudoped compounds is limited by the smallness of their hyperfine structure, not really matching the bandwidth of existing quantum sources. We recently demonstrated the existence of a Λ-system with adjustable ground state splitting in thuliumdoped YAG [17]. Widely adjustable splitting might help to match the bandwidth of existing quantum sources. In this Letter, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we optically excite, characterize and detect the nuclear spin coherence in the electronic ground state of a Tm-doped crystal.In crystals doped with Pr 3+ or Eu 3+ , Λ-systems are built on the hyperfine structure of the ground level with a sublevel splitting up to a few tens of MHz. This spacing represents the memory bandwidth. Indeed, the two transitions of the Λ cannot be po...

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Optical excitation of nuclear spin coherence in aTm3+:YAGcrystal

Louchet

Bretenaker

et al. 2008

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Applications include high bandwidth analog signal processing such as spectrum analysis, radar and lidar processing, signal digitization, 2,3 generation of true-time delays 4 and arbitrary optical waveforms, and quantum memories to serve as repeaters for secure quantum communication. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Entanglement storage of photons has been demonstrated in Tm 3+ :LiNbO 3 in Ref. 10.…”

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Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

2012

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We report the energy level structure of the 3 H6 and 3 H4 multiplets for Tm 3+ doped congruent LiNbO3, as well as the decoherence properties and their temperature dependencies for the 3 H6(1) ↔ 3 H4(1a) transition at 794 nm. It is shown that this material provides very significant improvements in bandwidth, time-bandwidth product, and sensitivity for spatial-spectral holographic signal processing devices and quantum memories based on spectral hole burning. The available signal processing bandwidth for 0.1% Tm 3+ :LiNbO3 is 300 GHz versus 20 GHz for Tm 3+ YAG. The peak absorption coefficient for 0.1% Tm 3+ :LiNbO3 is 15 cm −1 at 794.5 nm compared with 1.7 cm −1 for 0.1% Tm:YAG at 793 nm, and the total absorption strength is eighty times stronger. The oscillator strength for Tm 3+ :LiNbO3 is about twenty five times larger than that for Tm 3+ :YAG, making the material five times more sensitive for processing high-bandwidth analog signals. The homogeneous linewidth, which determines processing time or spectrum analyzer resolution, is 30 kHz at 1.6 K and 350 kHz at 6 K, as measured by photon echoes. Those values establish potential time-bandwidth products of 10 7 and 7 ×10 5 respectively. The temperature dependence of the homogeneous linewidth was explained by observation of a 7.8 cm −1 crystal field level in the ground multiplet and direct phonon coupling. The excited state 3 H4 lifetime T1 is 152 µs and the bottleneck lifetime of the lowest 3 F4 level is 7 ms from photon echo measurements. These factors combine to provide a surprisingly large increase in key parameters that determine material performance for spatial-spectral holography, quantum information, and other spectral hole burning applications.

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“…This is possible due to the lack of polarisation selectivity of the optical transitions and the mixing of the nuclear spin states, which relaxes the spin selection rule, ∆m = 0. This relaxation results in the spin-flip transitions, |3 -|2 and |1 -|4 , having a transition dipole moment of 0.37 times that of the transitions not involving a spin-flip [19]. The nominal nuclear spin labels in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage inTm3+:YAG

et al. 2008

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We report on the experimental demonstration of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a Tm 3+ :YAG crystal. Tm 3+ :YAG is a promising material for use in quantum information processing applications, but as yet there are few experimental investigations of coherent Raman processes in this material. We investigate the effect of inhomogeneous broadening and Rabi frequency on the transfer efficiency and the width of the two-photon spectrum. Simulations of the complete Tm 3+ :YAG system are presented along with the corresponding experimental results.

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Experimental tailoring of a three-levelΛsystem inTm3+:YAG

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

Optical excitation of nuclear spin coherence in aTm3+:YAGcrystal

Optical excitation of nuclear spin coherence in aTm3+:YAGcrystal

Optical decoherence and energy level structure of 0.1%Tm3+:LiNbO3

Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage inTm3+:YAG

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