Experimental study on thermal runaway and vented gases of lithium-ion cells

Yuan, Liming; Dubaniewicz, Tom; Zlochower, Isaac A.; Thomas, R.A.; Rayyan, Naseem S.

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2020.07.028

Cited by 160 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Consequently, the cumulative gas produced from the lithiated anode at 250°C (a typical thermal runaway temperature of commercial LIBs 67 ) is~150 μL/mg anode with the ratios of 51% (H 2 ), 6.5% (CH 4 ), 12.0% (CO/C 2 H 4 ), 2.6% (O 2 ), and 27.9% (CO 2 ). The total gas volume measured here (150 μL/mg anode ) is comparable to the report of the vented gas analysis of largeformat LIBs by Yuan et al with 36.5-245 μL/mg battery 68 , considering the fluctuation caused by gas generation from the electrolyte and cathode in commercial full LIBs. On the other hand, compared to the vented gas composition of full LIBs [30][31][32] , the anode-released gas showed a higher H 2 concentration, suggesting that the H 2 gas is mainly driven from the anode rather than the cathode or electrolyte.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

In situ observation of thermal-driven degradation and safety concerns of lithiated graphite anode

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graphite, a robust host for reversible lithium storage, enabled the first commercially viable lithium-ion batteries. However, the thermal degradation pathway and the safety hazards of lithiated graphite remain elusive. Here, solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) decomposition, lithium leaching, and gas release of the lithiated graphite anode during heating were examined by in situ synchrotron X-ray techniques and in situ mass spectroscopy. The source of flammable gas such as H2 was identified and quantitively analyzed. Also, the existence of highly reactive residual lithium on the graphite surface was identified at high temperatures. Our results emphasized the critical role of the SEI in anode thermal stability and uncovered the potential safety hazards of the flammable gases and leached lithium. The anode thermal degradation mechanism revealed in the present work will stimulate more efforts in the rational design of anodes to enable safe energy storage.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

In situ observation of thermal-driven degradation and safety concerns of lithiated graphite anode

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 6 − 8 According to the study of Yuan et al, trace hydrogen detection can advance the alarm time to 639 s before the smoking of the LIBs, which preliminarily illustrates the feasibility of the scheme. 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the rise of intelligent wearable electronic devices used in life, medical treatment, and sports as well as the development of transportation power systems, aerospace, and other fields have promoted the wide application of lithium-ion bateries (LIBs). , However, the damage of LIBs often causes serious safety accidents in a short time, which means that it is necessary to detect the damage of LIBs as early as possible. − At the same time, it is worth mentioning that trace hydrogen detection is an effective means of LIBs safety monitoring. The reason is that the thermal runaway caused by the overcharge of LIBs generate a large number of lithium (Li) dendrites under high temperature conditions, which react with the organic electrode solution binder to generate gases such as hydrogen. − According to the study of Yuan et al, trace hydrogen detection can advance the alarm time to 639 s before the smoking of the LIBs, which preliminarily illustrates the feasibility of the scheme …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amperometric Hydrogen Sensor Based on Solid Polymer Electrolyte and Titanium Foam Electrode

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trace hydrogen detection plays an important role in the safety detection of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the generation and leakage of trace hydrogen in the early stage of LIBs damage. In this work, an amperometric hydrogen sensor based on solid polymer electrolyte was reported. The sandwich device structure was realized, which could directly diffuse the gas from both sides to the three-phase interface (gas/electrode/electrolyte) to participate in the reaction through the optimal design of the gas diffusion path. Then, platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) were loaded on the metal foam by electroplating, and the porous electrode was filled with solid polymer electrolyte. A sensor with high specific surface area, high catalytic activity, and high sensitivity was obtained. Finally, the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) mechanism of the platinum-loaded (Pt-loaded) titanium foam (Ti foam) electrode under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions was verified, and the properties of the sensor was evaluated. The hydrogen sensor with a “sandwich” structure has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, low detection limit and low cost, which provides a technical solution for the safety and real-time monitoring of LIBs.

show abstract

“…So far, considerable research efforts have been dedicated to the thermal runaway mechanism of the battery. The thermal property of the battery components in a high-temperature environment has been investigated by thermal analysis tools such as accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) [ 6 , 7 ], C80 calorimetry [ 8 ], vent size packet 2 (VSP2) adiabatic calorimetry [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) [ 12 ], and the internal reaction during the thermal runaway process was identified. As the temperature builds up, the battery undergoes the following reactions: the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer decomposition, reaction between the anode material and electrolyte, reaction between the cathode material and electrolyte, electrolyte decomposition, and the reaction between the anode and the binder [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Thermal Runaway Process of 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery under Different Discharge Currents

Zhou

et al. 2021

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) subjected to external heat may be prone to failure and cause catastrophic safety issues. In this work, experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of discharge current on the thermal runaway process under thermal abuse. The calibrated external heat source (20 W) and discharge currents from 1 to 6 A were employed to match the thermal abuse conditions in an operational state. The results indicated that the key parameters during the failure process, such as the total mass loss, the onset temperatures of safety venting and thermal runaway, and the peak temperature, are ultimately determined by the capacity inside the battery, and the discharge current can hardly change it. However, discharge currents can produce extra energy to accelerate the thermal runaway process. Compared with the battery in an open circuit, the onset time of thermal runaway was reduced by 7.4% at 6 A discharge. To quantify the effect of discharge current, the total heat generation by discharge current was calculated. The results show that a heat generation of 1.6 kJ was produced when the battery was discharged at 6 A, which could heat the cell to 34 °C (neglect of heat loss). This study simulates the failure process of the LIB in the operational state, which is expected to help the safety application of LIB and improve the reliability of the battery management system.

show abstract

Experimental study on thermal runaway and vented gases of lithium-ion cells

Cited by 160 publications

References 19 publications

In situ observation of thermal-driven degradation and safety concerns of lithiated graphite anode

In situ observation of thermal-driven degradation and safety concerns of lithiated graphite anode

Amperometric Hydrogen Sensor Based on Solid Polymer Electrolyte and Titanium Foam Electrode

Experimental Study on Thermal Runaway Process of 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery under Different Discharge Currents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About