Experimental Study on the Rainfall-Runoff Responses of Typical Urban Surfaces and Two Green Infrastructures Using Scale-Based Models

Li, Wen; Feng, Qi; Deo, Ravinesh C.; Yao, Lei; Wei, Wei

doi:10.1007/s00267-020-01339-9

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Urban green patterns have also been analyzed in stormwater management studies. Researches provide interesting results on the impact of patterns of pervious and impervious surfaces on stormwater runoff [66] and some studies analyze the influence of urban green patterns [67][68][69], but this research path is still little addressed and further analysis is needed. Although urban green patterns seem to represent a key point to enhance urban resilience, further studies are needed to better understand their impact on ecosystem services.…”

Section: Application Of the Ugsps Approach For Planning And Management Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading Urban Green Morphology to Enhance Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Six Southern European Cities

2021

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A loss of natural capital within cities and their surrounding areas has been noticed over the last decades. Increasing development associated with higher sealing rates has caused a general loss of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) within the urban environment, whereas urban sprawl and the improvement of road networks have deeply fragmented the surrounding landscape and jeopardized ecosystems connectivity. UGS are an essential component of the urban system, and their loss has a greater impact on, e.g., ecological and hydrological processes, threatening human well-being. Different types and spatial configurations of UGS may affect their own ability to provide ecosystem services, such as biodiversity support and water regulation. Nevertheless, the study of UGS spatial patterns is a research branch poorly addressed. Moreover, UGS analyses are mainly focused on public and vast green spaces, but seldom on informal, private, and interstitial ones, returning a myopic representation of urban green areas. Therefore, this study investigates the UGS spatial patterns within six Southern European cities, using the urban morphology analysis to assess all urban vegetated lands. Results revealed three main Urban Green Spatial Patterns (UGSPs): Fragmented, Compact, and Linear Distributions. UGSPs taxonomy represents a novelty in the urban morphology field and may have important implications for the ability to provide ecosystem services and, thus, human well-being.

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Section: Application Of the Ugsps Approach For Planning And Management Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading Urban Green Morphology to Enhance Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Six Southern European Cities

2021

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“…The design of the retention system is based on the estimate of the amount of rainwater and snowmelt on site: for small-scale solutions (e.g., single-family housing, service construction, single public facility building) as in the described case this does not require complex dynamic flow calculations, unlike the case of large catchments [45]. The site's 20-year average annual precipitation (rainwater plus snowmelt), obtained from records of a nearby meteorological station, was estimated at about 600 mm (Figure 3).…”

Section: Case Study 1: Onsite Rainwater Retention and Subsequent Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Alternatives for Sustainable Stormwater Management in Small Developments of Polish Urban Catchments

Boguniewicz-Zabłocka

Capodaglio

2020

Sustainability

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Sustainable stormwater management approaches in accordance with the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) allow a source control to handle the quality and quantity of the runoff at local level or near the source. The most popular technologies applied in Europe are green roofs, porous pavements, retention basins and bioswales/raingardens. In this article, two of these solutions (retention tank with reuse, and rain garden, respectively), applied to single dwelling case studies in a suburban area in the Silesia Region (Poland), are illustrated and analyzed. The selected cases consider technical and economic aspects as the most important factors for decision on the selection of onsite stormwater management approach. Both systems have been operational for approximately two years. The retention tank proved a good solution, reducing stormwater overflows and allowing local water reuse for lawn irrigation; however, investment and maintenance costs in this case are relatively higher. The raingarden proved to work efficiently in this small scale implementation and implied much lower initial investment and costs. The economic sustainability of these interventions at single dwelling scale was analyzed, showing interesting returns, with outcome depending on the degree of possible water reuse (lower water bills) and availability of fiscal or fee incentives. Introduction of financial incentive schemes will encourage homeowners and developers to implement stormwater control solutions, allowing rapid amortization of investment costs with additional benefits to the community, such as reduced environmental impact of stormwater overflows and possible economies in the construction and management of stormwater systems.

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“…Fast urbanization over the last decades brought negative impacts to the urban environment, such as the reduction in vegetation and the increase in impervious surfaces, as buildings seal the soil. These changes disrupt the urban hydrological cycle (reducing the ability to intercept, store, and naturally infiltrate stormwater runoff) leading to a higher risk of urban flooding exacerbated by climate change [1], with catastrophic consequences in terms of casualties and economic losses [2]. On building roofs, rainwater is concentrated in volume and time, and the majority is typically directed to drainage systems, where it infiltrates into the ground or flows into sewers [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On building roofs, rainwater is concentrated in volume and time, and the majority is typically directed to drainage systems, where it infiltrates into the ground or flows into sewers [3]. Urban green infrastructure (GI) can be used to reduce the amount of stormwater runoff entering drainage systems through the natural retention and absorption capabilities of vegetation and soils [1] and by promoting the infiltration of water through traditional structures. For example, permeable pavement, as an urban GI, is described as a potential alternative for stormwater runoff management in the urban environment due to their sustainability and permeability as reported by [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Green Roofs: Different Time Approaches to Runoff Coefficient Determination

Monteiro

Santos

Castro

2023

Water

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Stormwater runoff in green roofs (GRs) is represented by the runoff coefficient, which is fundamental to assess their hydraulic performance and to design the drainage systems downstream. Runoff coefficient values in newly installed GR systems should be estimated by models that must be feasible and reproduce the retention behavior as realistically as possible, being thus adjusted to each season and climate region. In this study, the suitability of a previously developed model for runoff coefficient determination is assessed using experimental data, and registered over a 1 year period. Results showed that the previously developed model does not quite fit the experimental data obtained in the present study, which was developed in a distinct year with different climate conditions, revealing the need to develop a new model with a better adjustment, and taking into consideration other variables besides temperature and precipitation (e.g., early-stage moisture conditions of the GR matrix and climate of the study area). Runoff coefficient values were also determined with different time periods (monthly, weekly, and per rain event) to assess the most adequate approach, considering the practical uses of this coefficient. The monthly determination approach resulted in lower runoff coefficient values (0–0.46) than the weekly or per rain event (0.017–0.764) determination. When applied to a long-term performance analysis, this study showed no significant differences when using the monthly, weekly, or per rain event runoff, resulting on a variation of only 0.9 m3 of annual runoff. This indicates that the use of monthly values for runoff coefficient, although not suitable for sizing drainage systems, might be used to estimate their long-term performance. Overall, this pilot extensive GR of 0.4 m2 presented an annual retention volume of 469.3 L, corresponding to a retention rate of 89.6%, in a year with a total precipitation of 1089 mm. The assessment of different time scales for runoff coefficient determination is a major contribution for future GR performance assessments, and a fundamental decision support tool.

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Experimental Study on the Rainfall-Runoff Responses of Typical Urban Surfaces and Two Green Infrastructures Using Scale-Based Models

Cited by 24 publications

References 59 publications

Reading Urban Green Morphology to Enhance Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Six Southern European Cities

Reading Urban Green Morphology to Enhance Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Six Southern European Cities

Analysis of Alternatives for Sustainable Stormwater Management in Small Developments of Polish Urban Catchments

Extensive Green Roofs: Different Time Approaches to Runoff Coefficient Determination

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