Experimental study on the cyclic deformation and plastic flow of U71Mn rail steel

Strain ratcheting of steel tubulars with a rectangular defect under axial cycling: A numerical modeling

“…For example, Fig. 16 shows a similar behavior in experiments made on chromium ferrite steel carried out by Kang et al [24].…”

“…It can be seen that the mean plastic ratcheting strain rate has considerably increased by the mean stress increase. An experimental study was carried out by Kang et al [24] on the strain cyclic characteristics and ratcheting of 316L stainless steel intact tubes subjected to uni-axial and multi-axial cyclic loadings. The strain ratcheting responses, reportedly, showed substantial dependency on the values of mean stress, stress amplitude and their histories.…”

“…A tertiary ratcheting behaviour reported for experiments on chromium ferrite steel from Kang et al[24].…”

Ratcheting of 304 stainless steel under multiaxial step-loading conditions

“…Non-proportional loading histories induced greater hardening than those of proportional and resulted in slower rates in the ratcheting progress over multiaxial stress cycles [37]. To study the influence of non-proportionality, complex loading paths, and loading steps on ratcheting response of materials, several ratcheting experiments have been conducted [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. Hassan et al [5,8,43] investigated the capability of kinematic hardening rules in ratcheting simulation of materials under multiaxial stress cycles and reported that the effect of non-proportionality was yet to be fully addressed.…”

“…The impact of loading sequence, stress amplitude and mean stress on ratcheting response of SA333 C-Mn and 304LN steel alloys over steps of loading was examined by Paul et al [49,50]. Kang et al [27,39,[51][52][53][54] investigated ratcheting response of 304 and 316 stainless steel alloys under uniaxial and multiaxial step-loading histories. Goodman [54] investigated the ratcheting response of SS316 steel samples under multi-step loading histories and discussed how influential the effect of mean stress magnitude on ratcheting response is while the applied stress amplitude is kept constant.…”