Experimental Study on Rocket Nozzle Side Load Reduction

Stark, Ralf; Génin, Chloe

doi:10.2514/1.58115

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The presence of positive pressure gradient, > 0 implies an increase in pressure from axis towards wall and in this case the shock movement will be opposite and the Mach disk attains concave shape. This type of shock structure mostly happens in thrust optimised contoured rocket nozzles [3][4][5].…”

Section: Non-uniform Mach Reflectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shock wave boundary layer interaction (SBLI) exhibits strong unsteadiness and unsymmetrical flow separation, leading to unsymmetrical circumferential pressure distribution on the nozzle walls, called side loads [4]. The existence of particular type of flow separation depends on the type of shock structure generated within the nozzle, which in turn is attributed to the type of profile and Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR); and it has been experimentally proven that the NPR corresponding to transition from RSS to FSS and its hysteresis creates asymmetric pressure distribution on the nozzle walls, leading to asymmetric side loads which can even damage the nozzle hardware [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Computational Analysis of Shock Structure in a Supersonic Contoured Nozzle

Unnikrishnan¹

2020

IJERT

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Flow separation in a supersonic contoured nozzle whilst operating under over expanded regime is an inevitable fluid dynamic phenomenon. The flow field comprise formation of complex shock structures and its interaction with the viscous boundary layer. Profound number of researches on various types of contoured nozzle profiles have been undertaken to better understand the said phenomenon. The present study is focused on further understanding the fundamentals associated with formation of shocks and its structural transformation under varying NPR for a defined area ratio. Flow visualization utilizing Schlieren photography has enabled to capture the details of shock and its structure along with other phenomenon viz boundary layer separation, shock boundary layer interaction, aftershocks etc. The locations of shock captured experimentally have also been ascertained with computational generated data for various NPR and the results have been found quite comparable.

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Section: Non-uniform Mach Reflectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Computational Analysis of Shock Structure in a Supersonic Contoured Nozzle

Unnikrishnan¹

2020

IJERT

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“…QbD approaches during synthesis of nanoparticles, emphasis upon holistic approach for assessment of risk factors, their impact on desired quality attributes of formulation as well as mathematical modeling of parameters in such a way that it enables strict regulation of these process variables as well as predict the final performance of yield . In this perspective, on the basis of QTPPs (quality targeted product profile) role and impact of different levels of volume of gum, volume of gold and temperature were designated as CMAs (Critical material attributes) on performance of reaction i.e., CQAs (critical quality attributes) such as particle size, P.D.I (particle distribution index) and zeta potential were investigated using QbD (Box‐Benhken) integrated approach .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QbD approached comparison of reaction mechanism in microwave synthesized gold nanoparticles and their superior catalytic role against hazardous nirto‐dye

Alam

Javed

Pottoo

et al. 2019

Applied Organom Chemis

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Microwave irradiation (MI) process characteristically enables extremely rapid “in‐core” heating of dipoles and ions, in comparison to conventional thermal (conductance) process of heat transfer. During the process of nanoparticles synthesis, MI both modulates functionality behaviors as well as dynamic of reaction in favorable direction. So, MI providing a facile, favorable and alternative approach during nanoparticles synthesis nanoparticles with enhanced catalytic performances. Although, conventionally used reducing and capping reagents of synthetic origin, are usually environmentally hazardous and toxic for living organism. But, in absence of suitable capping agent; stability, shelf life and catalytic activity of metallic nanoparticles adversely affected. However, polymeric templates which emerged as suitable choice of agent for both reducing and capping purposes; bearing additional advantages in terms of catalyst free one step green synthesis process with high degree of biosafety and efficiency. Another aspect of current works was to understand role of process variables in growth mechanism and catalytic performances of microwave processed metallic nanoparticles, as well as comparison of these parameters with conventional heating method. However, due to poor prediction ability with previously published architect OFAT (One factor at a time) design with these nanoparticles as well as random selection of process variables with their different levels, such comparison couldn't be possible. Hence, using gum Ghatti (Anogeissus latifolia) as a model bio‐template and under simulated reaction conditions; architect of QbD design systems were integrated in microwave processed nanoparticles to establish mechanistic role these variables. Furthermore, in comparison to conventional heating; we reported well validated mathematical modeling of process variables on characteristic of nanoparticles as well as synthesized gold nanoparticles of desired and identical dimensions, in both thermal and microwave‐based processes. Interestingly, despite of identical dimension, MI processed gold nanoparticles bearing higher efficiency (kinetic rate) against remediation of hazardous nitro dye (4‐nitrophenol), into safer amino (4‐aminophenol) analogues.

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“…To generate side load model validation data, the DLR institute of space propulsion performed tests with different subscale nozzles 20,21 and side load reduction devices 22,23 . To study the effect of nozzle scaling, two nozzles of identical inner norm contour, but with different sizes were tested and the results are presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling Effects on Side Load Generation in Subscale Rocket Nozzles

Stark¹,

Génin²

2016

52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

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During the start-up of a rocket engine at sea-level, the flow will separate inside the supersonic part of the nozzle. The separated nozzle flow generates significant side loads which may damage the nozzle, the thrust chamber and the thrust vector control system. To study the effect of scaling the size of the nozzle, the DLR institute of space propulsion carried out a cold flow test campaign with two rocket nozzles of different sizes. The experimental data confirm the expected trend.

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Experimental Study on Rocket Nozzle Side Load Reduction

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Experimental and Computational Analysis of Shock Structure in a Supersonic Contoured Nozzle

Experimental and Computational Analysis of Shock Structure in a Supersonic Contoured Nozzle

QbD approached comparison of reaction mechanism in microwave synthesized gold nanoparticles and their superior catalytic role against hazardous nirto‐dye

Scaling Effects on Side Load Generation in Subscale Rocket Nozzles

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