Experimental study on Organic Rankine Cycle for waste heat recovery from low-temperature flue gas

Zhou, Nana; Wang, Xiaoyuan; Chen, Zhuo; Wang, Zhiqi

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.03.047

Cited by 155 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The results showed an average shaft power output of 1.64 kW and an overall power generation efficiency that ranged between 3.2-4.2%, depending on the solar collector used. Zhou et al [14] tested an ORC using the working fluid R123 and a scroll expander, showing a maximum expander power output of 0.645 kW and a cycle efficiency of 8.5%. Manolakos et al [15] used the working fluid R134a and a scroll expander, obtained from a compressor in reverse operation, to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a low-temperature solar ORC for reverse osmosis desalination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power applications from low grade heat sources

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et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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In this paper the performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) module, which was designed and built for a specific power application, is experimentally characterized. The ORC tested satisfies the main specifications for an efficient power system, highlighting a volumetric expander with large built-in volume ratio. For tests development, a monitored test bench has been used and adapted to the planned test procedure, which consisted of varying the thermal power input for different condensing conditions. Thereby, 10 steady state points are achieved and analysed according to thermal power input, gross and net electrical powers, electrical cycle efficiencies and expander effectiveness. The results show that the ORC performances are improved for higher thermal oil temperatures, capturing more thermal power, producing more electricity and achieving better cycle efficiencies. The maximum gross electrical efficiency obtained is 12.32 %, for a heat source temperature about 155 ºC and a direct dissipation to the ambient. Moreover, the expander reaches an electrical isentropic effectiveness about 65 % for an optimum pressure ratio around 7, being a suitable system for power applications from low grade heat sources.Keywords: Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC); power applications; test bench; heat recovery; energy efficiency.""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" I ntroductionThe Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been proven as an efficient way for power generation from low grade heat sources [1]. It is a similar power cycle to the steam Rankine cycle, but uses more volatile fluids instead of water to improve the efficiency in low temperature applications [2]. Its operating principle consists of capturing the thermal energy from the heat source through the evaporation of the working fluid and reducing the enthalpy in an expander to produce mechanical work, which is turned into electricity by an electric generator. This is a closed system, which condenses the vapor from the expander outlet and pressurizes the liquid to restart the cycle again. [19] reported that in the literature the usual expander effectiveness ranges between 60-65% with peaks of 68-70%, which is in compliance with their results. The researchers tested a small-size ORC prototype using the working fluid R245fa and a scroll expander, adapted from a commercial HVAC, achieving a net cycle electrical efficiency around 8%. Kane et al. [20] proposed to use two superposed ORCs, each one with an optimized working fluid and expander to overcome the limited pressure range and built-in volume ratio (Vi) of a scroll expander modified from a standard compressor. The working fluids selected were R123 for the topping ORC and R134a for the bottoming ORC. Thereby, the results showed that the superposed cycle achieved a net electrical efficiency upper 12% during tests.As can be seen, the main expansion technology investigated for ORCs, intended for applications in low grade heat sources, is the volumetric or positive displacement machine. The reason is...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power applications from low grade heat sources

Peris

Navarro-Esbrí

Molés

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…So, Zhou et al [9] tested an ORC using the working fluid R123 and a scroll expander, obtaining a maximum expander power output of 0.645 kW and a cycle efficiency of 8.5%. Wang et al [10] tested a low temperature solar ORC using R245fa as working fluid and a rolling-piston as expander.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental characterization of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for micro-scale CHP applications

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et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…According to previous studies [15,16,20,21], here the efficiency of the expander is assumed to be 0.65, and the circulation pump efficiency is assumed to be 0.25, 0.45 and 0.65, respectively. Suppose that the ORC system using R245fa or R123 as working fluid is condensed at 30 °C or 50 °C , Figures 5 and 6 show the minimum vapor quality required at the evaporator outlet vs. evaporating temperature.…”

Section: Sub-critical Orcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Characteristics of Expander Power Output Used for Offsetting Pumping Work Consumption in Organic Rankine Cycles

Lei

et al. 2014

Energies

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Abstract:The circulation pump in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) increases the pressure of the liquid working fluid from low condensing pressure to high evaporating pressure, and the expander utilizes the pressure difference to generate work. A portion of the expander output power is used to offset the consumed pumping work, and the rest of the expander power is exactly the net work produced by the ORC system. Because of the relatively great theoretical pumping work and very low efficiency of the circulation pump reported in previous papers, the characteristics of the expander power used for offsetting the pumping work need serious consideration. In particular, the present work examines those characteristics. It is found that the characteristics of the expander power used for offsetting the pumping work are satisfactory only under the condition that the working fluid absorbs sufficient heat in the evaporator and its specific volume at the evaporator outlet is larger than or equal to a threshold value. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2014, 7 4958

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Experimental study on Organic Rankine Cycle for waste heat recovery from low-temperature flue gas

Cited by 155 publications

References 21 publications

Performance evaluation of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power applications from low grade heat sources

Performance evaluation of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power applications from low grade heat sources

Experimental characterization of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for micro-scale CHP applications

Study on the Characteristics of Expander Power Output Used for Offsetting Pumping Work Consumption in Organic Rankine Cycles

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