Experimental study on characteristics of water imbibition and ion diffusion in shale reservoirs

Liu, Yang; Wang, H.R; Xu, Huijin; Guo, Dongming; Li, Mingjun

doi:10.1016/j.geoen.2023.212167

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Some of the researchers in the sub-surface characterization of diversified systems have made significant works for the development of the most sophisticated workflows such as the analysis of water level inside the drilled wells, analyzing the anomalies and ion diffusion in shale reservoirs, economic evaluation of closed-loop for the geothermal systems, spaceborne multispectral subsurface Reflectance analysis, global karst carbon sink bathymetric mapping etc. [ [29] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [81] , [82] ]. These plays can be structural, stratigraphic and/or a combination of these two regimes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seismic attributes and spectrum decay remain modern seismic analysis tools that help in mapping channelized reservoirs [ 12 , 13 ]. Reservoir characterization helps to identify the lithology and fluids inside the diversified depositional systems [ [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] ]. There are various researchers in the field of explorations, who have applied various tools for the diversity of sub-surface stratigraphy, geology, structural analysis and reservoir engineering tools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Appraisal of reservoir quality for hydrocarbon-bearing deep-water Miocene sandstones incised valley, south-east Asian offshore Indus: An application of seismic attributes and instantaneous spectral porosity quantitative reservoir simulations

Naseer,

Singh,

Khalid

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of reservoir quality for hydrocarbon-bearing deep-water Miocene sandstones incised valley, south-east Asian offshore Indus: An application of seismic attributes and instantaneous spectral porosity quantitative reservoir simulations

Naseer,

Singh,

Khalid

et al. 2024

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This system involves accumulating, transforming, and migrating organic matter into a reservoir over sufficient geologic time and under proper burial depth and temperature–pressure conditions. The economic viability of a petroleum system depends on factors such as the quality, quantity, and type of petroleum present. − The search for oil focuses on identifying porous and permeable formations, commonly called source or reservoir rock. The first stage of the exploration process involves geochemical evaluation of the source rock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Evaluation of Paleocene Source Rocks in the Kohat Sub-Basin, Pakistan

Sohail,

Mehmood,

Jahandad

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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The Kohat sub-basin is one of the main hydrocarbon-producing sedimentary basins located in the northwest extension of the Indus Basin in Pakistan. It contains numerous proven and potential petroleum from the Cambrian to the Miocene. Conventional petroleum resources have been depleting rapidly over the last couple of years. Therefore, unconventional resources should be explored using a variety of geochemical and geophysical techniques to address the energy demands. Geochemical techniques, including total organic carbon (TOC) assessment, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, organic petrography, and biomarker studies, are essential for evaluating the potential of shale gas reservoirs to delineate future prospects in a basin. The source rock potential of the Paleocene rocks, including the Patala, Lockhart, and Hangu formations of the sub-basin, is evaluated using geochemical analyses on well cuttings from the Tolanj-01 well. The analyses include estimation of total organic carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and organic petrography (vitrinite reflectance) to evaluate the organic richness, thermal maturity, kerogen type, hydrocarbon type, and environment of deposition. Other techniques for extractable organic matter (EOM) include solid−liquid chromatographic separation of fractions, gas chromatography (GC-FID)/whole oil chromatography, and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The organic matter (TOC, wt %) analysis reveals that 18 (18) samples of the Hangu formation (0.08−1.8 wt %) show poor values, 12 (12) samples of the Lockhart formation (0.05−0.5 wt %) have poor to fair content, and 26 (26) samples of the Patala formation have poor to fair (0.08−0.19 wt %) TOC content. Rock-Eval pyrolysis studies including hydrogen index, oxygen index, T max , quantities of free hydrocarbons (S 1 , mg/ g), and hydrocarbons produced from pyrolysis (S 2 , mg/g) are determined for the well-cut samples (56) of the Paleocene rocks. The hydrogen index values for the Hangu formation are lower than 200, and those for the Lockhart and Patala formations range between 100 and 250. A maceral analysis is also conducted on these samples, which reveal that the majority of the samples of the Paleocene units present in the basin belong to kerogen types II/III. The thermal maturity of the Hangu and Lockhart formations falls in the late-stage oil window, while that of the Patala formation falls in the peak to late oil window. The genetic potential (GP) for these rock units is also determined based on S 1 and S 2 values, which reveals that it is generally poor except for a few samples of the Hangu and Lockhart formations, which show fair GP values. For the organic petrography (vitrinite reflectance, R 0 ), one sample from each unit is selected, which shows that the Hangu, Lockhart, and Patala formations fall in the category of the mature oil window with their R 0 (%) values being 0.95, 0.89, and 0.82, respectively. The extracts (EOM) from these rock units are also analyzed to assess the depositional settings, biological source input, biodegradation, thermal ...

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“…In this study, we learn more about how bedding characteristics affect shale’s mechanical properties, such as permeability, compressive strength, and tensile strength . The lower primary porosity and extremely low permeability of organic-rich shale, the abundance of clay minerals (platy), the density of the minerals, the variability in the brittle and ductile zones, and preservation conditions are the critical factors of a potential shale gas resource. − These petrophysical and geomechanical parameters are important for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration and development, requiring a detailed analysis of shale-gas reservoirs. − A complete suite of well logs is essential for understanding the detailed petrophysical characteristics such as TOC estimation, kerogen type, porosity, density, velocity, and resistivity of shales. The mineral classifications of the given shales are also an essential factor for this purpose. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconventional Reservoir Characterization of Patala Formation, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan

Ehsan,

Chen,

Latif

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Unconventional hydrocarbon exploration is needed in the current oil and gas crisis scenario. Therefore, the development of conditions for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration is needed. In the Upper Indus Basin (UIB), Pakistan, the Patala Formation is one of the potential candidates for this unconventional exploration. It is a proven source rock at the regional level in the Kohat-Potwar sub-basin of UIB. This study aims to evaluate the shale gas potential of the rock in the Minwal-Joyamair area of the sub-basin. Developing a shale rock physics model is important for exploring and developing shale reservoirs due to the difference between unconventional shale and conventional sand reservoirs. These differences include mineral types, mineral characteristics, matrix pores, and fluid properties. To achieve the study's objectives, an integrated strategy provides for evaluating rock physics parameters, petrophysics, and geochemical analyses. This integrated approach indicates that the Patala Formation is a good potential reservoir for shale gas exploration. The Formation has a significant thickness (around 40−50 m), higher total organic carbon content (02−10%), higher brittleness index (0.44−0.56), and relatively shallow depth (2136−3223 m). These research findings suggested that the presence of organic and quartz-rich lithofacies can be considered as highly favorable "sweet spots" for shale-gas exploration in the UIB, Pakistan. Through proper understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of these "sweet spots", shale-gas exploration can be developed as an effective strategy to exploit shale gas.

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Experimental study on characteristics of water imbibition and ion diffusion in shale reservoirs

Cited by 34 publications

References 64 publications

Appraisal of reservoir quality for hydrocarbon-bearing deep-water Miocene sandstones incised valley, south-east Asian offshore Indus: An application of seismic attributes and instantaneous spectral porosity quantitative reservoir simulations

Appraisal of reservoir quality for hydrocarbon-bearing deep-water Miocene sandstones incised valley, south-east Asian offshore Indus: An application of seismic attributes and instantaneous spectral porosity quantitative reservoir simulations

Geochemical Evaluation of Paleocene Source Rocks in the Kohat Sub-Basin, Pakistan

Unconventional Reservoir Characterization of Patala Formation, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan

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