Experimental Study on Breakdown Time Delay of Hundreds of Nanoseconds Pulse Under Different <i>du/dt</i> for mm Gaps

Guo, Fan; He, Shi; Jia, Wei; Li, Junna; Chen, Zhiqiang

doi:10.1109/tps.2019.2922822

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the MV bipolar pulse generator for electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulator [1], two primary pulses with hundrednanosecond rise time need compression and superposition, which requires low-jitter pulsed transfer switches [1,2]. To meet the requirement of the output waveform and obtain a high energy transfer efficiency, the switch should break down near the peak time of input pulses, which adds the difficulty of reducing the switch jitter due to a relatively small du/dt near the peak time [3]. The time jitters of laser-triggering and electrical-triggering switches can be reduced to 1-3 ns [4][5][6][7][8], but external sources are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-jitter self-triggered spark-discharge pre-ionization switch: primary research on its breakdown characteristics and working mechanisms

Wang

Chen

2021

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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MV pulsed switch plays a key role as the transfer switch in large electromagnetic pulse simulators. To broaden the range of self-triggering time, a novel spark-discharge pre-ionization switch, in which the main gap electric field is superposed at the trigger gap to let the electrons in its spark channel also become initial electrons, is proposed and tested. The design idea is: as electrons in the spark channel of the trigger gap always exist after its breakdown, the injection time of pre-ionization should have a more negligible effect on reducing the switch jitter. The experiment results under pulses with a rise time of ∼100 ns support the above assumptions. When the operating voltage is from ∼300 to ∼800 kV and the self-triggering time is ∼45% to ∼75% of the peak time, the breakdown time delay jitter is less than 2 ns, and the breakdown voltage jitter is smaller than 1.25%. Under specific self-triggering time, the breakdown time delay jitter is less than 1.5 ns, and the breakdown voltage jitter is smaller than 0.8%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-jitter self-triggered spark-discharge pre-ionization switch: primary research on its breakdown characteristics and working mechanisms

Wang

Chen

2021

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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“…This phe- nomenon partly agrees well with the voltage-second characteristic in high voltage engineering [6], but back edge breakdown and no-breakdown cases occurred when du/dt was decreased to make the switch break down near the peak time. Because the peak electric field strength in the switch under different gas pressure was from 50kV/cm to 200kV/cm, only field emission current was insufficient to produce enough initial electrons, natural background radiation and field emission considering dielectric impurities on cathode surface might be main sources of initial electrons and statistical time delay jitter was a dominant part [18], [19]. Once the switch failed to break down before the peak time due to a long statistical time delay, then the voltage on the gap began to fall quickly and the electron avalanche process might be interrupted.…”

Section: A Self-breakdown and Voltage-second Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a Nanosecond Pre-Ionization Switch’s Breakdown Jitter Characteristic Based on a Probability Distribution Model of Electron Avalanche’s Initiation

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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The breakdown jitter characteristic of a self-triggered pre-ionization switch that works under pulses with the rising time of about one hundred nanoseconds was improved based on the probability distribution model of electron avalanche's initiation. Contrary to what we might imagine, premature pre-ionization nearly brought about no improvement on the breakdown jitter characteristic. To reduce the switch jitter, analysis of the probability distribution model indicated that the generating rate of initial electrons should maintain a high value when the electric field in the gap was high enough to initiate an effective electron avalanche. Experimental results proved that adjusting the breakdown time of the trigger gap or letting the electrons in the arc channel of the trigger gap become a steady source of initial electrons could both reduce the breakdown time delay jitter to 1ns-2ns when the breakdown time was about 95% of the peak time, this means that high energy transfer efficiency and low jitter were realized simultaneously.INDEX TERMS Gas switch, nanosecond pulse, pre-ionization, self-triggering, time delay jitter.

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“…Hegeler et al [11] studied the influence of electrode profile on the switching efficiency of a LTS with hemi spherical and flat electrodes, and reported that the flat electrode design exhibits an improved switching reliability i.e., low pre-fire probability and low σ d , as compared to hemi-spherical electrode profile. A reduction in t d and σ d can also be achieved through UV illumination of the discharge gap [12] and by applying a fast dV/dT trigger pulse [13]. Verma et al [14] experimentally studied the switching performance in j(SF 6 ): j(Ar) = 20:80 by applying a trigger pulse of slew rate ∼0.07 k V ns −1 , 6 kV ns −1 , and reported that by applying a trigger pulse with high dV/dT the t d and σ d were improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental and numerical study: to investigate the switching characteristics of a field-distortion sparkgap switch in various SF₆ admixtures

Kumar,

Verma,

Singh

et al. 2023

Eng. Res. Express

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Pressurized sparkgap switch is one of the major components that is most commonly used in various pulsed-power systems and the stochastic closure time delay (t d ) and jitter (σ d ) in this gas discharge switch has substantial effect on the temporal characteristics of output pulse. Experimental investigations performed with various volumetric concentrations of SF6 in SF6-N2, SF6-dry air and SF6-Ar admixtures evidenced that the intrinsic parameters of the switch such as time delay and jitter were found to be strongly dependent on the nature of gas, volumetric concentration of SF6 in admixture and rate of rise of voltage (dV/dT) of applied trigger pulse for e.g. in SF6/N2 admixture experiments as the concentration of SF6 was increased from 5% to 50% the average time delay and jitter was consequently increased from 278 ns to 413 ns and 17 ns to 56 ns, respectively. The similar increasing trend was observed even in SF6/dry air and SF6/Ar admixture experiments. It was also observed in the investigation that the variation in time delay and jitter is relatively much lesser for the condition when fast rising trigger pulse having slew rates ∼500 V ns−1 is applied than that of trigger pulse with lower dV/dT of ∼3 V ns−1. To further corroborate the stochasticity of streamer discharge in experimented SF6 admixtures, numerical studies have also been carried out by using a Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) model. Our experimental and simulation results infer that SF6/Ar admixture with low SF6 concentration is a superior alternative than pure SF6 for pulsed power switching applications.

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Experimental Study on Breakdown Time Delay of Hundreds of Nanoseconds Pulse Under Different du/dt for mm Gaps

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

A low-jitter self-triggered spark-discharge pre-ionization switch: primary research on its breakdown characteristics and working mechanisms

A low-jitter self-triggered spark-discharge pre-ionization switch: primary research on its breakdown characteristics and working mechanisms

Optimization of a Nanosecond Pre-Ionization Switch’s Breakdown Jitter Characteristic Based on a Probability Distribution Model of Electron Avalanche’s Initiation

An experimental and numerical study: to investigate the switching characteristics of a field-distortion sparkgap switch in various SF₆ admixtures

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Experimental Study on Breakdown Time Delay of Hundreds of Nanoseconds Pulse Under Different du/dt for mm Gaps

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

A low-jitter self-triggered spark-discharge pre-ionization switch: primary research on its breakdown characteristics and working mechanisms

A low-jitter self-triggered spark-discharge pre-ionization switch: primary research on its breakdown characteristics and working mechanisms

Optimization of a Nanosecond Pre-Ionization Switch’s Breakdown Jitter Characteristic Based on a Probability Distribution Model of Electron Avalanche’s Initiation

An experimental and numerical study: to investigate the switching characteristics of a field-distortion sparkgap switch in various SF6 admixtures

Contact Info

Product

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An experimental and numerical study: to investigate the switching characteristics of a field-distortion sparkgap switch in various SF₆ admixtures