Experimental Study of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication from Clean Water to Turbid Harbor under Various Conditions

Adnan, Salah A.; Hassan, Hassan Ahmed; Alchalaby, Ahmed; Kadhim, Ahmed C.

doi:10.18280/ijdne.160212

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As a result of the absorption, scattering, and turbulence of UWOC channels optical beams will be hampered by these phenomena [6]. This would result in a significant reduction in optical signal strength for underwater broadcasts due to chann el deterioration [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, these model scenarios are restricted to the lab-controlled environment that has fixed inherent and apparent optical properties. In a real underwater environment, optical properties permanently change because of the unpredictable deviations caused by the fluctuations of waterbodies [2,6]. So, the performance of the practical UWOC devices will be limited and static.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Neural Network-Based Transmission Power Control for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System

Salim

Adnan

Mutlag

2023

ETJ

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 A 450 nm Underwater Wireless OpticalCommunication System was implemented in this study.  Bit error rate was measured in the tap water channel for 2M bit/s,10M bit/s, and 20M bit/s.  The optimization for striking a balance between low power consumption and reliable data transfer in underwater ambient was investigated.  A FFBP-ANN model-based transmission power control for the UWOC system has been adopted.  power needed in multiple scenarios.Several scientists have proposed using an underwater wireless optical communication system (UWOC) to deliver high-speed data services using the abundant optical spectrum. However, wireless optical signal propagation faces an antagonistic environment when using undersea channels due to various factors like scattering, absorption, turbulence, and optical link misalignment between the transmitter and the receiver. These factors will attenuate the optical signal and lead to degrading system performance. To reduce these factors impact on the communication system's performance, transmitted optical power (OTP) should be increased. Since the UWOC system is battery -powered, increasing OTP will consume more electrical power. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust OTP to a value commensurate with the underwater channel changes. So, an ANN model is proposed in this article for link adaptation, which can adjust the OTP level in tandem with the underwater channel conditions. Data for training, testing, and validation of the proposed system reliability was collected experimentally, and tap water was used as a transmission medium. Evaluation of the proposed model outcome demonstrates that reliable performance is achieved in predicting OTP needed in multiple scenarios. The M SE of the predicted OTP is(9.5×10-3,1.5×10-2, and 1.7×10-2) dBm in the training, testing, and validation stages, respectively. The regression values of the training, testing and validation sets are (0.9997,0.9990, and 0.9996). The results achieved by the prop osed model prove it is reliable to be applied in UWOC systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Neural Network-Based Transmission Power Control for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System

Salim

Adnan

Mutlag

2023

ETJ

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“…The operating temperature of the LD has a significant impact on its optical efficiency [1]. An LD's working temperature is determined by the temperature of its surroundings and the junction temperatures [11,12]. Therefore, controlling LD temperature is a crucial factor in communication systems for achieving maximum stability in the emitted wavelength and optical power [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analogue circuits, proportional integral derivatives (PID), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have all been used in temperature control systems [9,11] A real-time PID temperature controlling system is proposed in this work. A PID control method was chosen in this study because a realtime PID regulator is a controller that continuously adjusts to find the optimal constants as required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Experimental Study of an Efficient Controlled Cooling System for Optical Communication Laser Diodes

Salim¹,

Mutlag²,

Adnan³

et al. 2022

MMEP

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Optical communication systems (OCSs) have become increasingly important in recent decades because these systems provide high-speed, reasonable cost connectivity. One of the most important parts of OCSs is their optical source, where the laser diode (LD) is the most widely used source type. The devices used to settle and control the laser diode temperature are vital to the operation of OCSs. This paper proposes an efficient controlled cooling system for optical communication LDs using a thermoelectric cooler controlled by an Arduino Uno microcontroller. To accomplish precise and fast control of LD temperature, a proportional integral derivatives algorithm is used. The control program was run on the Arduino Uno board. Analysis of the proposed system model was first performed using a simulation in MATLAB. Robust results were obtained, showing that the LD temperature decreased from 70°C to 25°C in 170 seconds with stable system performance across 6,000 seconds of operation. A second analysis was conducted by constructing the proposed controlled cooling system and implementing real-time testing of its performance. The real-time implementation shows that the proposed system decreases the LD temperature from 71°C to the setpoint temperature (25°C) in 176 seconds. This finding shows a fast, smooth system response with only negligible overshooting and demonstrates the stability of the system performance across 6,000 seconds of testing.

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“…Adnan et al [10] experimentally transmitted texts using pulse width modulation in an UWOC channel that contained different values of salinity formed from various concentrations of sodium chloride. The results of the experiment depict the attenuation coefficient to be low in water of low salt concentration, which is consistent with pure seawater, while the attenuation coefficient is high in water of high salt concentration which is consistent with turbid harbor water.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Transmission of Visible Light in Table Salt Water and Effect on Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

Ojediran

Ponnle

Oyetunji

2022

EJECE

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Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has advantages over other underwater communication methods. Some of these advantages are high data rates, large bandwidth, and less susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. The transmission of light underwater is affected by absorption, scattering and turbulence. Sodium Chloride is one of the most abundant dissolved substances in seawater which cause attenuation of optical signals. In this work, the effect of table salt in water on transmission of visible light in the range 400nm – 800nm was investigated. Nine samples of 100 ml of pure water were prepared in which eight of the samples contain addition of table salt of 1g, 3g, 4.5g, 5.5g, 15g, 20g, 25g and 28g yielding different salt concentrations (salinity). The conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total dissolved salt of the samples were measured. Absorption spectra of visible light through these samples were obtained using a spectrophotometer. The results showed an increase in conductivity and attenuation with increase in the presence of the table salt in the water. Also, it was observed that at shorter wavelengths (blue light), there is higher attenuation with increase in salt concentration compared to longer wavelengths (red light). However, the attenuation tends to increase sharply around 700nm – 800nm. From the absorption spectra obtained for each sample, the absorptivity spectrum for the table salt was obtained which shows high absorptivity at shorter wavelengths and lower absorptivity at longer wavelengths. From the absorption coefficient values obtained from the measurements, performance of UWOC for selected samples at three wavelengths of 450nm, 550nm and 700nm with transmitter power of 30mW were evaluated by simulation using OptiSystem linked with MATLAB. For a maximum allowable Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10-9 in UWOC, achievable link distance reduces considerably as the salt concentration increases.

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Experimental Study of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication from Clean Water to Turbid Harbor under Various Conditions

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Artificial Neural Network-Based Transmission Power Control for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System

Artificial Neural Network-Based Transmission Power Control for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System

Design and Experimental Study of an Efficient Controlled Cooling System for Optical Communication Laser Diodes

Experimental Study on Transmission of Visible Light in Table Salt Water and Effect on Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

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