Experimental study of time‐averaged upward fire propagation speed of expanded polystyrene external thermal insulation composite systems masonery façade

Zhou, Baoxue; Yoshioka, Hideki; Noguchi, Takafumi; Wang, Kai

doi:10.1002/fam.2923

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In our previous work, a calculation method for FSR on the basis of test results from a series of tests is given [41]. When L EPS ≤ 0.3m,Q ≤ 1100 kW, and 17.3 ≤ FPI ≤ 31.3 (m/s 1/2 )/(kW/m) 2/3 , FSR in [cm/min] could be predicated by In this work, a new calculation method (current method) is proposed based on considering the HRR of window spilled flame and thermal parameters of EPS ETICS.…”

Section: Comparison Of Prediction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upward Fire Spread Rate Over Real-Scale EPS ETICS Façades

et al. 2021

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The expanded polystyrene (EPS) façade has been widely used to save building energy, but it has also caused many severe facade fire accidents worldwide. Especially for aged buildings, the naturally weathered exterior surface layer can further increase the facade fire risk and the fire spread rate (FSR). In this work, a series of real-scale EPS External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) façades are tested via the JIS A 1310 standard. The EPS thickness varies from 100 mm to 300 mm, density changes from 15 kg/m 3 to 30 kg/m 3 , and heat release rate (HRR) of window spilled flame ranges from 600 kW to 1,100 kW. Tests showed that the surface cement layer was quickly damaged by a spilled flame that provided negligible fire resistance for the internal flammable EPS panel. The measured upward FSR increases with the rising of HRR and with the decreasing EPS thickness like the thermally thin material. An empirical correlation of instantaneous upward FRS is proposed, FSR= 0.22Φ + 3.45 [cm/min], where Φ is a modified fire propagation index derived from the experimental temperature distribution. In addition, a simple prediction method for FSR is proposed for the façade fire and verified by the experimental data. This work provides a useful method to quantify the upward façade fire propagation, which also helps evaluate the fire risk and hazard of EPS ETICS façade prior to the costly large-scale tests and installation.

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Section: Comparison Of Prediction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4(d) shows that the density has a negligible effect on the FSR. Thus, based on the analysis above and our previous work [41], we proposed a modified FPI (Φ) to evaluate the upward fire propagation potential of EPS ETICS as…”

Section: Correlation Of Instantaneous Fsr Versus Modified Fpi (φ)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Upward Fire Spread Rate Over Real-Scale EPS ETICS Façades

et al. 2021

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“…As a result of the simulation, when CFRBFM is used as an indoor finishing material, the correlation between the ASET of temperature, visibility, and FED and the length of the floor area is shown in Equations ( 8)- (10), respectively. However, in Case 5, the ASET for FED was not measured during the simulation operation time and was excluded.…”

Section: Distribution Of Aset In Room Size Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, heat spreading through building finishing materials contributes to the growth of fires, making it imperative to scrutinize the progression of indoor building fires regarding temperature elevation over time. This can be achieved by employing HRR (heat release rate) and THR (total heat release) values [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Fire Impact of Cellulose-Based Indoor Building Finishing Materials According to Changes in Room Size Aspect Ratio

Kim,

Rie

2024

Applied Sciences

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In modern society, the size of buildings tends to expand due to technological advances. However, while prioritizing performance design and specific building materials, fire research has fallen short of creating a comprehensive fire characteristic database for building materials. This study presents a plan for building a big data resource to evaluate the fire performance of cellulose-based flame retardant building finishing material in buildings of varying sizes. The three types of building finishing materials applied in this study are polyurethane foam, MDF, and cellulose-based building finishing materials. The variables were determined based on the floor area, and the change in floor area was calculated using the aspect ratio, a dimensionless number. Data analysis utilized the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to determine the time required to meet life safety standards for temperature, visibility, and Fractional Effective Dose (FED). The results confirm a correlation between the safe evacuation time (ASET) and increasing floor area. Additionally, the study demonstrates that cellulose-based flame-retardant building finishing material effectively maintains safe evacuation times even with increasing floor areas, as evidenced by increases of 41.0 s, 13.2 s, and 97.5 s in temperature, visibility, and FED, respectively.

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“…Zhou [ 11 ] conducted an experimental study on average fire propagation speed (FPS) of the external wall using the expanded polystyrene thermal insulation system, finding that the relationship between the average FPS and the vertical distance is positively linear. Tao [ 12 ] studied the ignition behavior of different shapes of PMMA exposed to external heat radiation and found that cylindrical samples are easier to ignite than flat samples. The ignition time dropped with the decrease of the sample radius.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characteristics of Combustion of Discrete Polymethyl Methacrylate Plates with Different Spacings in Concave Building Facades

Peng

Cai

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Polymethyl methacrylate plates are widely applied to buildings, producing significant fire hazards. It lacks a theoretical basis for the fire risk assessment of polymethyl methacrylate in concave building facades. Therefore, experimental methods are used to investigate combustion characteristics of discrete polymethyl methacrylate plates in a concave building facade. Influences of fuel coverage and structure factor are investigated, which is scant in previous works. When structure factor is invariable, average flame height increases first and then decreases as fuel coverage increases, and the turning point is between 0.64 and 0.76. In total, three different patterns of pyrolysis front propagation are first observed for different fuel coverages. Flame spread rate first increases and then decreases as fuel coverage rises, and the turning point is also between 0.64 and 0.76. When fuel coverage is invariable, the flame spread rate first increases and then decreases with increasing structure factor, and the turning point is 1.2. A model for predicting the flame spread rate of discrete polymethyl methacrylate is also developed. The predicted values are consistent with experimental results. Fuel spread rate of discrete polymethyl methacrylate rises as the fuel coverage increases. The above results are beneficial for thermal hazard evaluation and fire safety design of polymethyl methacrylate used in buildings.

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Experimental study of time‐averaged upward fire propagation speed of expanded polystyrene external thermal insulation composite systems masonery façade

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Upward Fire Spread Rate Over Real-Scale EPS ETICS Façades

Upward Fire Spread Rate Over Real-Scale EPS ETICS Façades

Evaluation of the Fire Impact of Cellulose-Based Indoor Building Finishing Materials According to Changes in Room Size Aspect Ratio

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characteristics of Combustion of Discrete Polymethyl Methacrylate Plates with Different Spacings in Concave Building Facades

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