The results of large-scale relativistic ab initio pseudopotential calculations for the potential curve of the 1 Σ g + (0 g + ) ground state of the mercury dimer Hg 2 are reported. Various methods to account for electron correlation effects have been applied in the ΛΣ coupling scheme, and spin-orbit contributions were derived from calculations in the intermediate coupling scheme. The importance of correlating the 5s,5p core orbitals in addition to the 5d core and 6s valence orbitals and of spin-orbit corrections is demonstrated. At the highest level of approximation the calculated spectroscopic constants (R e ) 3.73 Å, D e ) 0.047 eV, ω e ) 19 cm -1 ) are in excellent agreement with the experimental results (R e ) 3.63 ( 0.04 Å, D e ) 0.043 ( 0.003 eV, ω e ) 18.5 ( 0.5 cm -1 ).