Experimental study of the burning behavior of <i>n</i>‐heptane pool fires at high altitude

Zhou, Zong‐Quan; Yao, Wei; Hu, Xiaokang; Yuen, Richard K.K.; Wang, Jian

doi:10.1002/fam.2270

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The mass burning rate was determined by the convective and radiative heat feedback to the fuel. The mass burning rate was found to decrease with a decrease in pressure, as observed by Zhou et al It was reported that the convective heat feedback to the fuel surface primarily affected the fuel evaporation. It was also reported that as the pressure was decreased, the flame height increased.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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A study of the effects of ullage during the burning of horizontal PMMA and MMA surfaces

et al. 2019

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Summary Experimental and numerical investigations of burning of horizontal surfaces of poly methyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate are presented. A burner used in this study allows for the fuel surface to be oriented horizontally at a given distance from the burner rim. One of the aims of this study is to understand the effects of ullage (distance between burner rim and fuel surface) on the burning rate of the fuel and the flame structure. In the case of poly methyl methacrylate, the surface at an initial ullage regresses during its burning, and in the case of methyl methacrylate, the pool level is maintained at the given ullage by supplying the fuel at the rate of its burning. Careful repeatable measurements of temperature and species fields are carried out. These reveal the structure of a small‐scale pool flame established over a polymeric fluid such as methyl methacrylate, and such data are scarce in literature. In order to complement the experimental results, fire dynamics simulator is employed to simulate the experimental cases. Flame structure and flow field in the gas phase have been presented and discussed. As the ullage increases, the burning rate decreases. This trend is explained using surface convective heat flux results.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The decrease in flame height was attributed to the reduced convective heat feedback to the pool. Zhou et al experimentally studied the burning behavior of n ‐heptane pool flame at high altitude. It was reported that the mass burning rate decreases with a decrease in pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the effects of ullage during the burning of horizontal PMMA and MMA surfaces

et al. 2019

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“…1,2 The experiments were primarily done in Lhasa (altitude, 3650 m; pressure, P = 64.3 kPa) and Hefei (altitude, 50 m; P = 101 kPa), and a small number of fire tests were performed at three to four altitudes 3,4 and in a low-pressure chamber. [5][6][7][8][9] The fire test fuel was classified into gaseous, 10,11 liquid, 2,[12][13][14] and solid fuel, [15][16][17][18] and similar conclusions have been reached: In higher-altitude areas, the flame height, flame volume, ignition temperature, and ignition time increase, but the burning rate and flame pulsation decrease. The mass burning rate, radiative heat flux, heat release rate, and combustion efficiency in Lhasa were lower than those in Hefei, and the relationship between the burning rate and the ambient pressure could be simulated with the power function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

A new approach based on the modified FDS to numerically simulate cardboard box combustion under low pressure

Zhou

Zhao

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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Summary To solve the limitation of the fire test in high‐altitude areas only detecting a limited number of low‐pressure environments, in this paper, appropriate modifications of the FDS source codes were made to generate a new simulator program for low‐pressure applications. Standard fire experiments with different counts (1, 2, 18, and 27) of cardboard boxes were numerically simulated under different pressure levels (101, 90, 75, and 64 kPa). The computation data show consistent trends with the experimental results obtained in the low‐pressure tank at Lang Fang. Furthermore, the simulation results have been examined to show typical quantitative relationships: (a) The peak mass burning rate divided by the fire base dimension is correlated with the product of the pressure squared and the combustible characteristic length cubed. The exponential indices for the 1‐box fire, 18‐box fire, and 27‐box fire are 0.31, 0.29, and 0.29, respectively. (b) The heat release rate and mass burning rate show a good linearity at each fixed environmental pressure. In conclusion, the modified FDS is validated to work well under low‐pressure conditions, which can provide a receivable means to conduct low‐pressure fire simulation and analysis.

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“…Zhou et al [37] specified a quasi-steady burning stage of n-heptane from which the mean burning rate was calculated. The .…”

Section: Effects Of Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Flashover in Aircraft Cargo Compartment at Different Pressures: Experimental and Modeling Study

Li,

Chen,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Fire

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The increasing incidence of aircraft cargo compartment fires in recent years has caused heavy losses and drawn attention to understanding the combustion process, especially under low pressure. The present paper aims at exploring the conditions of flashover at different pressures. Experiments were conducted in Guanghan (96 kPa) and Kangding (60 kPa), which are located at different altitudes. Five different sizes of pool fires were tested and smoke temperature and heat flux were measured for flashover criteria analysis. Corresponding simulations were performed using a commercial software FDS to examine the pressure effect on the flashover phenomenon and to validate the simulation results. The critical conditions for the onset of flashover in a 1/4 MPS compartment were found to be (1) an average upper layer temperature of about 450 °C at 96 kPa or about 550 °C at 60 kPa, and (2) radiant heat flux at floor level of about 10 to 15 kW/m2 at 96 kPa or 20 to 25 kW/m2 at 60 kPa. By using the average upper layer temperature as a criterion in modeling, a relatively accurate prediction of flashover onset time could be obtained at 96 kPa and a delay of about 25 s was found at 60 kPa.

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Experimental study of the burning behavior of n‐heptane pool fires at high altitude

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

A study of the effects of ullage during the burning of horizontal PMMA and MMA surfaces

A study of the effects of ullage during the burning of horizontal PMMA and MMA surfaces

A new approach based on the modified FDS to numerically simulate cardboard box combustion under low pressure

Flashover in Aircraft Cargo Compartment at Different Pressures: Experimental and Modeling Study

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