Experimental study of the behavior of a valveless impedance pump

Hickerson, Anna; Rinderknecht, Derek; Gharib, Morteza

doi:10.1007/s00348-005-0029-1

Cited by 31 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Several experimental studies have been conducted to properly characterize the pumping behavior of Liebau pumps in closed as well as open systems (Bredow, 1968;Ottesen, 2003;Hickerson et al, 2005;Hickerson and Gharib, 2006;Bringley et al, 2008). These studies have uncovered several unique characteristics of such pumps, which might be used to identify Liebau effect-driven flow in living organisms ( Fig.…”

Section: Historical Evolution Of the Liebau Pump Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the beginning of the 21st century, the wave dynamics were introduced into simulation models for Liebau pumps by Jung and Peskin (2001). By focusing on wave dynamics, a group of engineers from the California Institute of Technology has developed a theory, which explains the Liebau effect entirely by wave dynamics (Hickerson et al, 2005;Hickerson and Gharib, 2006;Avrahami and Gharib, 2008). The periodic compressions of the asymmetrically positioned active site are said to generate pairs of elastic waves, which travel along the passive tube sections toward the ends of the tube where they are partially reflected.…”

Section: Historical Evolution Of the Liebau Pump Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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How does the tubular embryonic heart work? Looking for the physical mechanism generating unidirectional blood flow in the valveless embryonic heart tube

Männer

Wessel

Yelbuz

2010

Developmental Dynamics

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The heart is the first organ to function in vertebrate embryos. The human heart, for example, starts beating around the 21st embryonic day. During the initial phase of its pumping action, the embryonic heart is seen as a pulsating blood vessel that is built up by (1) an inner endothelial tube lacking valves, (2) a middle layer of extracellular matrix, and (3) an outer myocardial tube. Despite the absence of valves, this tubular heart generates unidirectional blood flow. This fact poses the question how it works. Visual examination of the pulsating embryonic heart tube shows that its pumping action is characterized by traveling mechanical waves sweeping from its venous to its arterial end. These traveling waves were traditionally described as myocardial peristaltic waves. It has, therefore, been speculated that the tubular embryonic heart works as a technical peristaltic pump. Recent hemodynamic data from living embryos, however, have shown that the pumping function of the embryonic heart tube differs in several respects from that of a technical peristaltic pump. Some of these data suggest that embryonic heart tubes work as valveless ''Liebau pumps.'' In the present study, a review is given on the evolution of the two above-mentioned theories of early cardiac pumping mechanics. We discuss pros and cons for both of these theories. We show that the tubular embryonic heart works neither as a technical peristaltic pump nor as a classic Liebau pump. The question regarding how the embryonic heart tube works still awaits an answer.

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Section: Historical Evolution Of the Liebau Pump Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Evolution Of the Liebau Pump Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

How does the tubular embryonic heart work? Looking for the physical mechanism generating unidirectional blood flow in the valveless embryonic heart tube

Männer

Wessel

Yelbuz

2010

Developmental Dynamics

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“…The ability to reverse flow direction by adjusting the frequency of excitations has been reported in several open and closed loop experimental set ups. 10,11,14,6 In the MIP positive flow, i.e., flow exiting the pump from the extremity the farthest to the compression zone, is achieved for frequencies close to the resonant frequency ͓f = ͑9 Hz, 12 Hz͔͒ and reaches maximum at resonance ͑f res = 10.1 Hz͒. Negative flow is observed at frequencies below the resonant frequency ͓f = ͑8 Hz,9 Hz͔͒.…”

Section: -9mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pumping performances of an impedance pump have a strong dependence on the different parameters defining the pump such as its dimensions, material properties, the pinching width, location and amplitude. In particular, experiments 10,11 and numerical simulations 1,2 on a single layer IP in open and closed systems, respectively, have shown that for some frequencies of excitation, the pump exit flow is directly proportional to the actuation amplitude ͑up to 90% of the external radius͒. Therefore, to achieve significant flow, an IP must typically be compressed at relatively high amplitudes and around the resonance frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant pumping in a multilayer impedance pump

2008

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This paper introduces the concept of multilayer impedance pump, a novel pumping mechanism inspired by the embryonic heart structure. The pump is a composite two-layer fluid-filled elastic tube featuring a thick gelatinous internal. Pumping is based on the impedance pumping mechanism. In an impedance pump, elastic waves are generated upon external periodic compressions of the elastic tube. These waves propagate along the tube's walls, reflect at the tube's extremities, and drive the flow in a preferential direction. The originality in the multilayer impedance pump design relies on the use of the thick internal gelatinous layer to amplify the elastic waves responsible for the pumping. As a consequence, only small excitations are needed to produce significant flow. This fully coupled fluid-structure interaction problem is solved for the flow and the structure using the finite element method over a relevant range of frequencies of excitation. Results show that the multilayer impedance pump is a complex system that exhibits a resonant response. Flow output and inner wall motion are maximal when the pump is actuated at the resonant frequency. The wave interaction mechanism present in an impedance pump is described here in details for the case of a multilayer impedance pump. Using energy balance for the passive portion of the elastic tube, we show that the elastic tube itself works as a pump and that at resonance maximum energy transmission between the elastic tube and the fluid occurs. Finally, the pump is especially suitable for many biomedical applications.

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“…Closed loop will be defined as flow within a distinct loop. Previously, the behavior of the impedance pump has been studied in both of these configurations at larger size scales [16]. In this study, the impedance pump was tested under three configurations spanning two different size scales: closed loop, open loop and micro open loop.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

A valveless micro impedance pump driven by electromagnetic actuation

Rinderknecht¹,

Hickerson²,

Gharib³

2005

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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Over the past two decades, a variety of micropumps have been explored for various applications in microfluidics such as control of pico-and nanoliter flows for drug delivery as well as chemical mixing and analysis. We present the fabrication and preliminary experimental studies of flow performance on the micro impedance pump, a previously unexplored method of pumping fluid on the microscale. The micro impedance pump was constructed of a simple thin-walled tube coupled at either end to glass capillary tubing and actuated electromagnetically. Through the cumulative effects of wave propagation and reflection originating from an excitation located asymmetrically along the length of the elastic tube, a pressure head can be established to drive flow. Flow rates were observed to be reversible and highly dependent on the profile of the excitation. Micro impedance pump flow studies were conducted in open and closed circuit flow configurations. Maximum flow rates of 16 ml min −1 have been achieved under closed loop flow conditions with an elastic tube diameter of 2 mm. Two size scales with channel diameters of 2 mm and 250 µm were also examined in open circuit flow, resulting in flow rates of 191 µl min −1 and 17 µl min −1 , respectively.

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Experimental study of the behavior of a valveless impedance pump

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

How does the tubular embryonic heart work? Looking for the physical mechanism generating unidirectional blood flow in the valveless embryonic heart tube

How does the tubular embryonic heart work? Looking for the physical mechanism generating unidirectional blood flow in the valveless embryonic heart tube

Resonant pumping in a multilayer impedance pump

A valveless micro impedance pump driven by electromagnetic actuation

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