Experimental Study of Sound Propagation Through Bubbly Water: Comparison With Optical Measurements

Effect of direct bubble-bubble interactions on linear-wave propagation in bubbly liquids

“…In most of these works, the comparison of the classical linear theory and the experimental results is not satisfactory for frequencies near resonance when comparing both attenuation and phase velocity. In general, the experimental investigation of direct bubble-bubble interactions is difficult due to the presence of reverberation [13,14] and the * Corresponding author: fuster@dalembert.upmc.fr dearth of diagnostics capable of directly measuring the void fraction and bubble radius distribution [15]. As an alternative one can resort to numerical models where the value of all these variables is given.…”

Low Frequency Sound Scattering from Rough Bubbly Ocean Surface: Small Perturbation Theory Based on the Reformed Helmholtz-Kirchhoff-Fresnel Method

“…Equation (14) can be written in a simpler form as (15) where S is the scattering coefficient given as (16) Defined in decibels unit, S is commonly used in logarithmic form and named scattering strength s given as (17) In equations (14) and (16), crucial parameter R 12 represents the reflection coefficient of two media interface (here, air-water interface at the ocean surface). Through the parameter R 12 and considering three phase media of air, water, and bubbly water at the ocean surface, a new parameter R 13 is introduced.…”

“…It can be proved that the general expression for the mean-squared scattered pressure from the sea surface can be written as follows (corresponding procedure to obtain equation 14is presented in Appendix A): (14) where A = πXY is the insonified area, W and G are the characteristic function and beam geometry term (corresponding relations for W and G , and also variables a and b are derived and presented in Appendix A), respectively. Equation 14can be written in a simpler form as (15) where S is the scattering coefficient given as (16) Defined in decibels unit, S is commonly used in logarithmic form and named scattering strength s given as (17) In equations (14) and (16), crucial parameter R 12 represents the reflection coefficient of two media interface (here, air-water interface at the ocean surface). Through the parameter R 12 and considering three phase media of air, water, and bubbly water at the ocean surface, a new parameter R 13 is introduced.…”

“…In most of these subjects, it is necessary to provide an appropriate acoustic model in order to entail sea surface effects on the entry sound. Active control and acoustic response of structure and fluid interaction [9,10], attenuation and absorption [11], bubble plumes [12][13][14][15], sound transmission [16][17][18], sound propagation in shallow water [19][20][21] and surface waves [22][23] can be considered as important phenomena in the sea.There are different approaches adopted by investigators in order to examine sound scattering from the sea surface. These approaches can be categorized as experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies [24].…”

Performance analysis of downhole acoustic communication in multiphase flow

“…Although modeling and experimental study of acoustic propagation in bubbly water for oceanographic applications is well studied [8][9][10][11], but there is little known about acoustic communication performance through multiphase flow in pipelines (especially oil/water, oil/air and 3-phase (oil/water/air).…”