“…Significant progress has been made in underwater vehicle technologies along with the booming development in big data [ 1 ], data mining [ 2 ], computer simulation [ 3 ], intelligent control [ 4 ], intelligent optimization [ 5 ], virtual reality [ 6 ], and artificial intelligence [ 7 ]. Underwater vehicles are playing an increasingly important part in workplaces where equipment and divers face access difficulties such as detection and salvage [ 8 ], dam detection [ 9 ], pipeline maintenance [ 10 ], cable servicing and laying [ 11 , 12 ], and marine resource development [ 13 ]. With their widespread applications in both civil and military fields [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], underwater vehicles have become an important tool in underwater operations.…”