Experimental Study of Runoff and Sediment Yield Affected by Ridge Direction and Width of Sloping Farmland

Liu, Shanshan; Qin, Tianling; Lv, Xizhi; Shi, Xuan; Dong, Biqiong; Wang, Jianwei; Liu, Chun

doi:10.3389/feart.2021.694773

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…The higher the Reynolds coefficient, the more turbulent the runoff, the greater the erosive transport capacity of the runoff, and the more easily the particles on the slope are displaced [64]. The trend characteristics of the Reynolds coefficients again confirm that para-tillage and cross-tillage alter the flow patterns of rainfall runoff, and that cross-tillage is the most effective in reducing the effect of the soil-flow rates [65]. Similarly, analysis of the Fourdrinier number shows that, as the amount of rainfall increases, the soil runoff changes from slow to fast, and cross-monopoly tillage is most effective in reducing the Fourdrinier number by 56.14%, to 64.38%, compared to no-monopoly tillage.…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of Rainfall Runoffmentioning

confidence: 73%

Study on the Mechanism of Rainfall-Runoff Induced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Hilly Slopes of Black Soil Area, China

Li,

Ma,

Wang

et al. 2023

Water

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In order to identify the effects of the slope and precipitation intensity on the soil runoff depth and runoff rate, different tillage patterns (slope-ridge direction, horizontal slope-ridge direction, no-ridge farming) and different slopes (3° and 5°) were set up, and five typical rainfalls from June to September 2021 were selected, to dynamically monitor the soil-erosion dynamics of the test plots under different rainfall intensities. The results show that cross-slope-ridge cropping has a retention effect on runoff, which effectively inhibits the ineffective loss of rainfall confluence. Among these results, the variation range in the soil runoff depth under cross-slope-ridge treatment conditions was 0.11~0.94 mm, while that under the slope-ridge treatment and no-ridge treatment conditions was increased to 1.44~12.49 mm and 3.45~14.96 mm, respectively. It found that the loss of soil nutrients was significantly higher in the slope-ridge direction and in the no-ridge farming condition than in the horizontal slope-ridge direction. It is worth noting that, as the slope of the cultivated land increases, the erosive capacity of the precipitation runoff for the soil phosphorus increases, while the carrying capacity of the soil nitrogen decreases, and the correlation analysis results confirm that the corresponding relationship between the free diffusion capacity of the soil ammonium nitrogen and soil erosion is weaker than that between the nitrate nitrogen and soil erosion. The effects of single factors, such as the slope, ridge direction, and precipitation intensity of the cultivated land, have a significant impact on the soil water- and fertilizer-loss process, while the influence effect of the multi-factor coupling process on soil erosion is weakened. It was confirmed that the erosion process of rainfall runoff on soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in slope cultivated land is the result of multi-factor action, and the artificial modification of the tillage mode can effectively regulate the effect of farmland water and fertilizer loss.

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Section: Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of Rainfall Runoffmentioning

confidence: 73%

Study on the Mechanism of Rainfall-Runoff Induced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Hilly Slopes of Black Soil Area, China

Li,

Ma,

Wang

et al. 2023

Water

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“…Few have studied the available nutrients that can provide essential nutrients for plant growth and can better represent soil fertility [30]. Counter tillage is a water harvesting and moisture storage tillage practice used on sloping farmland, which is perpendicular to the direction of runoff; it can increase infiltration and effectively intercept runoff, thus reducing soil separation and sediment transport [31,32]. Here, rainfall simulations were conducted to investigate the following points: (1) the effects of counter tillage and slope gradient on the soil erosion process on sloping farmland; (2) the effects of counter tillage and slope gradient on nutrient losses process; (3) the relationship between the nutrient loss process and the soil erosion process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Counter Tillage and Slope Gradient on Nutrient Losses on Sloping Farmland

Yao

2023

Sustainability

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Counter tillage is a typical cultivation practice on the Loess Plateau, which can influence the soil erosion process by intercepting runoff and increasing infiltration. However, few studies have investigated the mechanisms of nutrient losses associated with counter tillage. This study was conducted to reveal the effects of counter tillage and slope gradient on the soil nutrient loss mechanism on sloping farmland. In this study, the rainfall simulation was conducted with a rainfall intensity of 90 mm.h−1 and with five slope gradients (5.24%, 8.75%, 17.63%, 26.79%, 36.40%). The runoff plots involved the counter tillage (CT) and traditional plow (CK), in order to investigate the characteristics of soil erosion and available phosphorus (AP), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−- N) losses. The soil erosion characteristics included the time until runoff generation, RR (runoff rate), and SR (sediment rate); the nutrient loss characteristics included nutrient loss concentrations, nutrient loss and nutrient loss rate in runoff or sediment. The results indicated that the RR and SR with a slope gradient of 5.24~26.79% on CT decreased by 11.77~94.92% and 20.69~99.27%, respectively, compared with that of CK. As the slope gradient increased (36.40%), a break in the ridge occurred and the reduction in the RR and SR was weakened; this was likely to be close to that of the CK. Nutrient losses differed significantly between different slope gradients and tillage practices. Nutrient losses increased with an increasing slope gradient. The nutrient losses of AP, NH4+-N, and NO3−-N in runoff, with the slope gradient of 36.40%, increased 75.75%, 76.34%, 75.63%; meanwhile, in sediment, it increased 32.93, 30.70, 32.18 times, compared with the slope gradient of 5.24% on CT. The CT with the slope gradient of 5.24~26.79% had a good effect in controlling nutrient losses; however, for the slope gradient of 36.40%, the effects of CT in controlling nutrient losses decreased. The nutrient loss rate and RR or SR satisfied a linear positive correlation. The reduction benefits of nutrient losses on CT in runoff and sediment can reach 57.7% to 100% and 45.5% to 100%, respectively. In conclusion, CT is an effective tillage practice to control soil erosion and nutrient losses. This study can provide a reference for soil erosion and nutrient loss control on sloping farmland on the Loess Plateau.

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“…Worldwide water scarcity is caused not only by the physical shortage of the resource or the storage capacity due to reservoir siltation but also by the progressive deterioration of water quality (Mateo-Sagasta et al, 2017;Owens, 2020). The recent increase in fine-sediment transport has been demonstrated to be the pathway for widespread contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, compromising water quality, and having deleterious effects on infrastructures (Navas et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2021;Sirisena et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing for monitoring the impacts of agroforestry practices and precipitation changes in particle size export trends

et al. 2022

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Recent land use changes, the absence of soil protection between crop periods, and extreme precipitation events have been highlighted as major influential factors in the fluctuations of sediment export in the last decades at the catchment scale worldwide. In this regard, soil erosion and fine-particle export are two of the major concerns of soil nutrient loss and water-quality decrease (e.g., increasing turbidity and vector of chemicals). However, while rainfall effects have been well-monitored, recent land use changes and management need additional approaches to evaluate their effect. In Mediterranean mountainous environments, in addition to forest management, agricultural practices during different cropland stages likely increase sediment and particle-bound chemicals in the drainage system. Moreover, most catchments lack instrumentalization. Thus, there is a gap in the knowledge on the processes influencing the sediment exported in ungauged catchments. To evaluate the processes involved, remote sensing and seasonal sampling of suspended sediments were examined for 5 years in a representative agroforestry system in three sub-catchments (SBCs) with different proportions of land uses. Temporal trends of NDVI, EVI, MSAVI, SAVI, and NDWI indices were analyzed for monitoring the vegetation status. With this information, we attempt to evaluate the soil response in terms of particle size export to land use change, vegetation status, and precipitation distribution in fine-grained sediment-reaching streams. Our findings not only highlight the significant effect of heavy precipitation events and vegetation cover on the grain-size fraction of the exported sediment but also reveal the existence of more complex factors influencing the export dynamics. A silt-increasing trend due to the increase of individual heavy precipitations from 2017 onward despite the total precipitation amount not increasing was detected. It is shown that indices such as NDVI and NDMI help detect small changes in vegetation cover, while EVI, SAVI, and MSAVI are more robust for detecting general patterns in large vegetated areas and preventing the appearance of artefacts in the data. Results from this study suggest that land use changes combined with short-scale changing trends of rainfall likely explain most of the possible effects observed in terms of sediment export changes.

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Experimental Study of Runoff and Sediment Yield Affected by Ridge Direction and Width of Sloping Farmland

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Study on the Mechanism of Rainfall-Runoff Induced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Hilly Slopes of Black Soil Area, China

Study on the Mechanism of Rainfall-Runoff Induced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Hilly Slopes of Black Soil Area, China

Effects of Counter Tillage and Slope Gradient on Nutrient Losses on Sloping Farmland

Remote sensing for monitoring the impacts of agroforestry practices and precipitation changes in particle size export trends

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