Experimental Study of Pressure Gradients Occurring During Continuous Two-Phase Flow in Small-Diameter Vertical Conduits

Abstract

A I,500-ft experimental well was used to study the pressure gradients occurring during continuous, vertical, twophase flow through I-in., 114-in. and Ii/j-in. nominal size tubing. The test well was equipped with two gas-lift valves and four Maihak electronic pressure transmitters as well as with instruments to measure the liquid production rate, air injection rate, temperatures and surface pressures. Tests were conducted for widely varying liquid flow rates, gas-liquid ratios and liquid viscosities. From these data, an accurate pressure-depth traverse was constructed for each test in each of the three tubing sizes. From the results of these tests, correlations have been developed which allow the accurate prediction of flowing pressure gradients for a wide variety of tubing sizes, flow conditions, and liquid properties. Also, the correlations and equations which are developed satisfy the necessary condition that they reduce to the relationships appropriate to single-phase flow when the flow rate of either the gaj or the liquid phase becomes zero. All the correlations involve only dimensionless groups, which is a condition usually sought for in similarity analysis but not always achieved. The correlations developed in this study have been used to calculate pressure gradients for pipes of larger diameter than those upon which the correlations are based. Comparisons of these calculated gradients with experimentally determined gradients for the same flow conditions obtained from the literature indicate that extrapolation to these larger pipe sizes is possible with a degree of accuracy sufficient for engineering calculations. The extent of this extrapolation can only be determined with additional data from larger pipe diameters.

Decision making by using a computer algorithm to analyze hydrocarbon production systems

“…6 y se obtiene . Luego se reemplaza en la ecuación de Hagedorn & Brown [4], las variables calculadas anteriormente.…”

“…En este artículo se presenta el diseño de un algoritmo que permite integrar los procedimientos descritos por Hagedorn & Brown [4] y Duckler [5]. El artículo está distribuido de la siguiente manera: a continuación se presentan los materiales y métodos, luego, en el capítulo tres se exterioriza la metodología para después mostrar en el capítulo cuatro, los resultados y la discusión.…”

Development of an expert system for selection of multiphase flow correlations

“…Correlations that consider the slip but not the flow patterns. Examples include Gray (1978) and Brown (1964 and1965), etc. 3.…”

Experimental Study of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow for High Velocity in Inclined Medium Size Tube and Verification of Pressure Calculation Methods

“…The current multiphase pipe flow pressure calculation methods still have some imperfections respectively: (1) So far, the research of multiphase pipe flow pressure calculation method has mainly concentrated on the horizontal and vertical tubes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]; (2) The existing multiphase pipe flow pressure calculation methods have mostly been empirical and semi empirical methods and are obtained within a certain range of experiments which mainly focus on the small and middle flow rate conditions. The resulting accuracy is not reliable beyond this scope.…”