Experimental study of lubricant-derived ash effects on diesel particulate filter performance

Zhang, Jun; Li, Yanfei; Wong, Victor W.; Shuai, Shijin; Qi, Jinzhu; Wang, Guoyang; Liu, Fan; Liao, Hua

doi:10.1177/1468087419874577

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Data reported in the literature show that a low amount of ashes has a positive impact on pressure drop during soot loading with respect to a fresh filter. The reason resides in the fact that the formed ash layer restricts the deep bed filtration, 15,40 in the same way heterogeneous porous wall emulates. 41 However, this benefit vanishes as ash accumulates over the filter lifetime.…”

Section: Background On Soot and Ash Deposition Effect On Pressure Dropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel economy benefits in internal combustion engines due to soot restructuring in the particulate filter by water injection

Serrano

Piqueras

Angiolini

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Wall-flow particulate filters are key elements to control particulate matter emissions. The stricter emission standards also for non-road mobility machinery makes this device essential to improve the air quality in the short to medium term. However, their high filtration efficiency brings with it an increase in backpressure. This effect becomes more damaging as particles get accumulated in the filter and in hybrid vehicles where exhaust temperature are lower due to more frequent cold starts. Pre-filter water injection is a proven method to reduce the impact of soot load on the pressure drop avoiding the fuel consumption increase. In this paper, the effect of pre-filter water injections is analysed in engine and flow test rig environments. After verifying the impact of consecutive injection events on fuel consumption, the filter was loaded and divided into quarters. These were studied one at a time in flow test rig to separate soot mal-distribution from water drag effects. A wide range of conditions were tested to assess the change in pressure drop generated by a single injection. With this reference, the soot restructuring pattern was analysed employing optical techniques. These provided evidences of the way the soot fragments got released from the particulate layer and moved towards the inlet channels rear end. Additionally, a closer look into the porous wall micro-structure provided insights explaining the lack of effect on filtration efficiency. These results provide a basis for synergistic removal of vehicle condensates for use in fuel consumption reduction.

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Section: Background On Soot and Ash Deposition Effect On Pressure Dropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel economy benefits in internal combustion engines due to soot restructuring in the particulate filter by water injection

Serrano

Piqueras

Angiolini

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…Consequently, the fuel consumption rate is unexpectedly worsened with the reduction of the engine output. Therefore, the deposited soot in DPF is periodically burned, which is called a filter regeneration process [17][18][19][20][21]. Since additional fuel consumption is needed for this process, the filter with low pressure drop is better to use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Particle-Laden Flow and Soot Layer Formation in Porous Filter

Yamamoto

Yagasaki

2022

Solids

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So far, diesel particulate filters (DPFs) have been widely used to collect diesel particulates including soot in the exhaust after-treatment. However, as the soot is continuously collected in the porous filter, the exhaust pressure (pressure drop) increases. To optimize the filter design for reducing its pressure drop, we need a numerical simulation. In this study, we simulated the particle-laden flow across the DPF. Structure of SiC-DPF was obtained by an X-ray CT technique. We conducted the numerical simulation by changing the soot aggregation diameter (simply called soot size), and evaluated the time-variation of the pressure drop. For discussing the soot deposition process, the contributions of the Brownian diffusion and the interception effect were separately estimated. Especially, we focused on the soot deposition region which could affect the pressure drop, together with the soot cake permeability and the soot packing density. Results show that, as the soot size is smaller, more soot is trapped. As a result, the shift from the depth filtration to the surface filtration is observed earlier. Therefore, for discussing the pressure drop, it is important to consider where the soot deposition occurs as well as the deposited soot mass in the filter.

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“…Ash loading in diesel particulate filters has been shown to impact pressure drop, filtration performance, temperatures during active regeneration, and downstream emissions. 12 Single cylinder research engines (SCREs) are useful for studying combustion and emissions due to their higher reproducibility compared to multi-cylinder production engines and absence of complicating effects like gas flow dynamics and inter-cylinder heat transfer. SCREs with optical access to the combustion chamber are even less similar to production multi-cylinder engines, because they must accommodate windows to allow in-situ measurements of temperature, flow, and chemical species composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ash loading in diesel particulate filters has been shown to impact pressure drop, filtration performance, temperatures during active regeneration, and downstream emissions. 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid particulate mass and number from ducted fuel injection in an optically accessible diesel engine in skip-fired operation

Wilmer

Nilsen

Biles

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Ducted fuel injection (DFI) is a novel combustion strategy that has been shown to significantly attenuate soot formation in diesel engines. While previous studies have used optical diagnostics and optical filter smoke number methods to show that DFI reduces in-cylinder soot formation and engine-out soot emissions, respectively, this is the first study to measure solid particle number (PN) emissions in addition to particle mass (PM). Furthermore, this study quantitatively evaluates the use of transient particle instruments for measuring particles from skip-fired operation in an optical single cylinder research engine (SCRE). Engine-out PN was measured using an engine exhaust particle sizer following a catalytic stripper, and PM was measured using a photoacoustic analyzer. The study improves on earlier preliminary emissions studies by clearly showing that DFI reduces overall PM by 76%–79% and PN for particles larger than 23 nm by 77% relative to conventional diesel combustion at a 1200-rpm, 13.3-bar gross indicated mean effective pressure operating condition. The degree of engine-out PM reduction with DFI was similar across both particulate measurement instruments used in the work. Through the use of bimodal distribution fitting, DFI was also shown to reduce the geometric mean diameter of accumulation mode particles by 26%, similar to the effects of increased injection pressure in conventional diesel combustion systems. This work clearly shows the significant solid particulate matter reductions enabled by DFI while also demonstrating that engine-out PN can be accurately measured from an optical SCRE operating in a skip-fired mode. Based on these results, it is believed that DFI has the potential to enable fuel savings when implemented in multi-cylinder engines, both by lowering the required frequency of active diesel particulate filter regeneration, and by reducing the backpressure imposed by exhaust filtration systems.

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Experimental study of lubricant-derived ash effects on diesel particulate filter performance

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Fuel economy benefits in internal combustion engines due to soot restructuring in the particulate filter by water injection

Fuel economy benefits in internal combustion engines due to soot restructuring in the particulate filter by water injection

Numerical Simulation of Particle-Laden Flow and Soot Layer Formation in Porous Filter

Solid particulate mass and number from ducted fuel injection in an optically accessible diesel engine in skip-fired operation

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