Experimental Study of Inclusion Modification by Ca in AHSS

Miao, Keyan; Nabeel, Muhammad; Dogan, Neslihan; Sun, Stanley

doi:10.1007/s11663-021-02243-1

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The formation of CaS inclusions does have some advantages. For example, the presence of CaS as transient CaS can act as a source of Ca supply for the modification of oxide inclusions [1,2]. Moreover, precipitating S in the form of CaS suppresses the formation of MnS inclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coarsening Mechanisms of CaS Inclusions in Ca-Treated Steels

Miao

Nabeel

Dogan

2022

Metals

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In this work, the coarsening mechanisms of CaS inclusions in liquid steel were investigated by analyzing inclusions in experimental and industrial samples. A detailed particle size distribution evolution was reported. The observed CaS coarsening rate was compared with the theoretical coarsening rate calculated by using the models proposed in the literature. For both experimental and industrial data, it was observed that the coarsening mechanisms varied during different stages of Ca treatment. It was found that in the early stage (after Ca addition) of experiments and during Ca addition under industrial conditions, the coarsening of CaS was governed by diffusion-controlled growth. As the Ca dissolved in steel diminished, the coarsening was governed by collision-dependent mechanisms. For experimental conditions, the growth of CaS was controlled by the Brownian collisions, while the coarsening by turbulent collisions was the dominant mechanism under industrial conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coarsening Mechanisms of CaS Inclusions in Ca-Treated Steels

Miao

Nabeel

Dogan

2022

Metals

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“…In Al-killed steel, the modification mechanism of inclusions is generally considered to be the direct modification of Al 2 O 3 by dissolved Ca or the indirect modification of Al 2 O 3 by CaO. [15][16][17] Several researchers [18][19][20] have recently reported a mechanism by which CaS forms in Ca-treated steels as a transient product to modify Al 2 O 3 . The CaS inclusion exists in the form of Al 2 O 3 -CaS, CaO-Al 2 O 3 -(CaS), or CaO-CaS.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The CaS inclusion exists in the form of Al 2 O 3 -CaS, CaO-Al 2 O 3 -(CaS), or CaO-CaS. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Moreover, total calcium content (T.Ca), total oxygen content (T.O), and total sulfur content (T.S) in steel have certain relationships with the forms of CaS inclusions.Previous studies have shown that in Ca-treated steel at 1600 °C, the Al 2 O 3 content in inclusions decreases with increasing T.Ca/T.O, and the CaO content increases with increasing T.Ca/T.S. [23,24] The CaS content in inclusions decreases with decreasing T.Ca or increasing T.O, [19] the mass ratio of CaS/CaO in inclusions increases with increasing T.S/T.O.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Calcium aluminate inclusions adhered with CaS have been observed frequently in steel with the excessive Ca addition. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Ren et al [24] reported that the calcium aluminates wrapped with an external CaS layer formed when the Ca content was lower in a nonoriented electrical steel from industrial trials. It was also suggested that CaS precipitated on the CA x inclusion due to the enrichment…”

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Effects of Calcium Addition on Nonmetallic Inclusions in High‐Al Steel

Zheng,

Zhu,

Zhao

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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To investigate the formation and evolution mechanism of inclusions in high‐Al steel, four lab‐scaled experiments are carried out with different calcium (Ca) contents. The Al2O3 inclusions are modified to (CaO–Al2O3)–CaS after Ca addition. With the Ca content increased, the types of CAx‐CaS inclusions are changed from CaS‐attached inclusions to CAx‐wrapped inclusions. When the total calcium content (T.Ca) reached 29 ppm, the CAx–CaS inclusions are primarily distributed within the 50% liquidus in CaO–Al2O3–CaS ternary diagram. Some Al2O3 inclusions are not completely modified with 7 ppm Ca addition. CaS and CaO–CaS inclusions are observed with a higher Ca addition. The modification of Al2O3 by CaS and [Ca] occurs in CaS‐attached inclusions with a lower Ca addition. To clarify the formation of CaS, a new modification index for high‐Al steel is given based on the T.Ca/T.O index.

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