Experimental study of high/low temperature effects on the dynamic performance of rubber spring for railway vehicles

Abstract

For the layer rubber spring of a high-speed bogie, lab tests were conducted to obtain the dynamic parameters under extremely high and low temperatures (-60°C∼60°C) to obtain the nonlinear stiffness and damping parameters relevant to the frequency, amplitude and temperature changes. It starts from introducing the rubber element dynamic parameter test equipment, test plan and test methods. The applied loads and the temperatures are discussed. Then both the static and dynamic tests were performed for the layer spring of axle box, along the axial and radial directions. It shows that the common results can only reflect frequency- and amplitude-dependent characteristics of rubber, but the corresponding parameter change associated with each frequency and amplitude is highly dependent on the temperature. This phenomenon is quite severe in the low and extremely low temperature cases. Therefore, it is essential and necessary to carry out environmental temperature tests as well as basic theory study and simulations on all rubber components in order to know the parameter variation domain of the suspension system of a railway vehicle.

Calculation of Nonlinear Stiffness of Rubber Pad under Different Temperatures and Prepressures

“…e authors of [16][17][18] analyzed and studied the performance of rubber springs at low temperature; the results showed that low temperature has a significant effect on the properties of rubber. Österlöf et al [19][20][21] studied the relationship between the rubber model and temperature. Ding et al [22] modified the low-temperature modulus of rubber and proposed a method for predicting low-temperature stiffness.…”

Study of Vertical Characteristics with Changes in Prepressure of Rubber Pad Used by High‐Speed EMU

“…Select 45 kN as the conversion standard, and calculate λ N•45 when the prepressure is 57 kN, 65 kN, 75 kN, and 85 kN according to the theoretical formula (18); use formula (19) to calculate the dynamic parameters and compare with the test value, as shown in Figure 12. is method is named the theoretical DFCC prediction method (Method 1).…”

“…Select 45 kN as the conversion standard; according to the test data and formula (1), the static stiffness k st under different prepressures is calculated, and the ratio of test stiffness is further calculated to obtain λ N•45 ; refer to Table 2; use formula (19) to calculate the dynamic parameters and compare with the test value, as shown in Figure 13. is method is named the test DFCC prediction method (Method 2).…”

“…In formula (19), the working conditions of performance parameters are expressed by subscripts, i is frequency, j is amplitude, N is prepressure of the condition to be predicted, and jz is fiducial prepressure.…”

“…ere are many factors that affect the performance of rubber springs, such as frequency, dynamic amplitude, basic size, material, temperature, and prepressure, but there are relatively few studies on temperature and prepressure. Li et al [17][18][19][20][21][22] studied the performance of rubber components in different temperature states and have proven that temperature has an influence on the performance of rubber. Especially in the low-temperature state, the rubber property is obviously changed, which is caused by low-temperature crystallization.…”