Experimental Study of Geopolymer Binder Synthesized with Copper Mine Tailings and Low-Calcium Copper Slag

Manjarrez, Lino; Nikvar-Hassani, Arash; Shadnia, Rasoul; Zhang, Lianyang

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002808

Cited by 67 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Further increase in w/s ratio causes a decrease in strength. Similar trend had been reported by previous researchers [44,45], in which it was attributed to the particle to particle interaction. A higher amount of water increases the interparticle spaces and thereby, a reduction in strength is obtained with the higher w/s ratio.…”

Section: Results and Observationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Properties of fly ash geopolymer modified with red mud and silica fume: a comparative study

2020

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Alkali-activated geopolymer has emerged as a sustainable alternative to highly polluting conventional cement. The present paper investigates the activation of fly ash-based geopolymer paste modified by red mud and silica fume. Three geopolymer mixes are considered: (1) fly ash; (2) fly ash-red mud; and (3) fly ash-silica fume. Mass proportions of modifiers in the respected mixes varied by 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of total binder. Heat curing (60 °C) provided for 24 h just after casting. Alkaline activator consists of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. Workability results reveal that both red mud and silica fume triggered the reduction in workability with the later one had a greater impact. A flash set was obtained with the silica fume content of more than 15%. Both the modifiers cause a decrease in the setting time at ambient temperature, and silica fume proved to be more productive with the reduction of more than 65% of setting time. Mixes containing red mud exhibit slightly higher density. Water absorption of fly ash geopolymer increases with red mud. Compressive strength increases with the addition of modifiers, and geopolymer containing silica fume possesses the highest compressive strength among the three mixes considered. Compressive strength exhibited a linear correlation with molar ratios (Si/Al and Na/Si) of source materials. XRD and SEM methods showed that the geopolymerization reaction is affected by the red mud and silica fume. It is recommended that the flash set and setting time at higher contents of modifiers must be examined for the design of a modified geopolymer mix.

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Section: Results and Observationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Properties of fly ash geopolymer modified with red mud and silica fume: a comparative study

2020

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“…Various papers have included blast furnace slag as a precursor for producing geopolymers containing quarry waste [29,33,34,36,37,43,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. The potential of using geopolymers consisting of copper mine tailings and slag for pavement construction was investigated [33]. The addition of 50% GGBFS increased the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) by 20 MPa compared to samples produced with 0% GGBFS.…”

Section: Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slagmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The precursors are mixed with liquid hardeners to form a geopolymeric gel, which consequently hardens because of geopolymer condensation. Different precursors have been used in various research studies such as fly ash [ 22 , 28 , 29 ], metakaolin [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], and blast furnace slag [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. In most cases, the reviewed studies have investigated the feasibility of using quarry dust, mine tailings, or industrial waste as precursors in geopolymer cements and binders [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Geopolymer Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the study used up to 40% of waste glass, which led to a reduction of 22.5% in sodium silicate usage. In a different study, Manjarrez et al (2019), varied the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide from 0.0 to 1.5 in an attempt to understand its effect on compressive strength of geopolymer samples [ 33 ]. The maximum strength of 23.5 MPa was observed for 10 M at SS/NaOH = 1.0.…”

Section: Geopolymer Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quarry Waste as Precursors in Geopolymers for Civil Engineering Applications: A Decade in Review

Solouki

Viscomi²,

Lamperti³

et al. 2020

Materials

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Carbon footprint reduction of paving materials could be explored through recycling mining by-products into different applications, which will preserve natural resources and decrease environmental issues. One possible approach is to reuse quarry dust and mining ore waste as precursors in geopolymer applications. geopolymers are mineral polymers rich in aluminosilicates with an amorphous to a semi-crystalline three-dimensional structure. The current review aims to summarize the studies conducted during the past decade on geopolymers containing quarry dust and mine tailings. The first section discusses various precursors used for geopolymer cement production such as metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash, and quarry/mining ore wastes including silt, tungsten, vanadium, copper, gold, zinc, marble, iron, basalt, and lithium. Different calcination treatments and curing conditions have been summarized. In some cases, the precursors are required to be calcined to increase their reactivity. Both ambient temperature and elevated temperature curing conditions have been summarized. Less attention has been paid to room temperature curing, which is necessary for field and industrial implementations. Engineering properties such as compressive strength, density, durability and acid resistance, water absorption and abrasion of geopolymers containing mining waste were reviewed. One of the main barriers preventing the widespread use of waste powders, in addition to economic aspects, in geopolymers could be due to their unstable chemical structure. This was shown through extensive leachate of Na+ or K+ cations in geopolymer structures. The review of over 100 articles indicated the need for further research on different aspects of quarry waste geopolymer productions before its full industrial implementation.

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“…The advantages of geopolymer binders for replacing traditional Portland cement in particular are supported by the fact that in various industries there are many by-products that are suitable for use as raw materials for geopolymers [17][18][19]. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of studies on the use of mining waste in the preparation of geopolymer materials both as a component of an alkali-activated binder and as an aggregate [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Geopolymer materials display special physical-mechanical and technical properties: high durability and strength, particularly bending strength; resistance to chemical aggressive environments, and high temperatures.…”

Section: Geopolymers Prepared Using the Nepheline Concentrate And Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Binding Properties of Mechanically Activated Nepheline Containing Mining Waste

2020

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The development of apatite and rare-metal deposits of the Khibiny and Lovozero—the world’s largest ultrabasic massifs located in the Kola Alkaline Province—is accompanied by accumulation of huge amounts of sandy tailings dumps, about half consisting of nepheline. These tailings, on the one hand, pose a real threat of environmental pollution. On the other hand, they are “technogenic deposits” that contain reserves of valuable components (Na2O, K2O, Al2O3, etc.). In this paper, methods of processing of the nepheline-containing mining waste using mechanical activation to produce binding materials—geopolymers and blended cements—are observed. The advantages of combining the nepheline containing tailings dumps with other mining wastes accumulated in the region, such as Cu–Ni slag, are presented.

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Experimental Study of Geopolymer Binder Synthesized with Copper Mine Tailings and Low-Calcium Copper Slag

Cited by 67 publications

References 65 publications

Properties of fly ash geopolymer modified with red mud and silica fume: a comparative study

Properties of fly ash geopolymer modified with red mud and silica fume: a comparative study

Quarry Waste as Precursors in Geopolymers for Civil Engineering Applications: A Decade in Review

Binding Properties of Mechanically Activated Nepheline Containing Mining Waste

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