Experimental Study of Flame Spreading over a Horizontal Fuel Surface

Sibulkin, Merwin; Hansen, A G

doi:10.1080/00102207508946660

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Using measured values of V, measured values of I>T to approximate 1>, and a = 1.2 X 10-3 cm 2/sec, values of V and V were calculated for the experimental data. In Figure 15 Less can be said about the thermally thin limit since it is not clear how to extrpolate the experi- .5 E u t Previous measurements (Sibulkin and Hansen, 1975) showed that the glasstransition line for PMMA occurred at T. = 120"C±5 "C. A similar value is given more directly by the DSC measurments of Orloffet al (1974).…”

Section: Discussion Of Analytical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…For flame propagation over solids it is reasonable to continue to hypothesize that the leading edge of the flame XB will be at a position where YF corresponds to the lean flammability limit. For flame spread over PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) the leading edge of the pyrolysis region is sharply defined and XB-XA is less than 0.2 mm (Sibulkin and Lee, 1974;Sibulkin and Hansen, 1975). The presence of fuel vapor this small distance ahead of XB is presumed to be due to diffusion of fuel vapor in the x direction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Dependence of Flame Propagation on Surface Heat Transfer I. Downward Burning

Sibulkin

Kim

Creeden

1976

Combustion Science and Technology

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The problem of finding a unique flame propagation rate for a given distribution of surface heat flux is solved analytically for three solid fuel geometries (i) finite slabs, (ii) finite rods (iii), semi-finite fuel bed. The solutions cover a range of fuel thicknesses from the thermally thin limit to the thermally thick limit. The effect of longitudinal heat conduction within the fuel is considered and found to become important as the fuel thickness increases. Experimental results on the downward burning of PMMA sheets are presented for the flame spreading velocity and preheat distance. The preheat distance is found to become independent of fuel thickness for I >0.25 em. A combination of the analytical and experimental results leads to a determination of the surface heal transfer parameters.

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Section: Discussion Of Analytical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dependence of Flame Propagation on Surface Heat Transfer I. Downward Burning

Sibulkin

Kim

Creeden

1976

Combustion Science and Technology

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“…To validate this new correlation, as demonstrated in Fig. 11, previous experimental data collecting from thirteen papers [37,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] were employed, and they agreed well with the new correlation.…”

Section: Small Ullage Heightmentioning

confidence: 64%

Experimental study of the effect of ullage height on flame characteristics of pool fires

Liu

Ding

Jangi

et al. 2020

Combustion and Flame

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A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of ullage height, i.e. the distance between fuel surface and the pool upper rim, on flame characteristics of heptane and ethanol pool fires. The pool diameters included 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm. For each pool, ullage height was increased from zero to the value that the flame self-extinguished. During each test, the ullage height was kept constant by a fuel level maintaining device. Results show that ullage height has a significant effect on flame characteristics. When the ullage height equals zero, there is a stable conical structure near the pool upper rim, above which the unstable plume develops. Under lower ullage height conditions, plume puffing happens. The unstable plume begins to initiate around the pool upper rim, then rolling and expanding upward. At the same time, its beneath flame is stretched thinner and thinner and eventually breaks from the bulk. When the ullage height further increases, plume puffing becomes less evident. While for the mass loss rate, it generally decreases with the increase of h/D. It was proved in literature that the previous flame height model is inapplicable to pool fires with large ullage height. In this paper, to consider the effect of ullage height on plume flow structures, an equivalent hydraulic diameter, D eq. , is proposed to establish one new flame height correlation. By comparing previous model predictions with the current experimental data, it is found that conventional flame oscillation models are unsuitable to pool fires with large ullage height. Based on D eq. , two new dimensional and dimensionless flame oscillation models were proposed according to the current experimental data. The correlated flame height model and proposed flame oscillation models were validated and agreed well with reference data.

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“…A zerothorder Arrhenius kinetic model [37,38] was commonly applied. Instantaneous transport of the gaseous products to the surface was assumed in models with subsurface degradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Fire Suppression of Water Mist by Chemical Additives

Chow

Jiang

et al. 2007

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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Although water mist fire suppression system (WMFSS) is very common, there are concerns that the system is not efficient in controlling some fires. Additives are proposed to use in a WMFSS for better fire protection. In this paper, different groups of additives for WMFSS will be briefly reviewed. Experimental studies on the surface physical and chemical characteristic of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) under four groups of original polymer surface without treatment, self-extinguishment, suppressed by water mist and by water mist with sodium chloride NaCl, are reviewed. The surface profiles, element constitutions, binding energies and functional groups of PMMA surfaces were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR).The near surface molten polymer and bubble layers in burning polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are found to be very complicated. The melted surface of burning PMMA is not saturated with pure MMA. Results also demonstrated that chemical reactions do occur while applying water mist. Water mist with NaCl can penetrate deeper on the burning surface of PMMA, suggesting that NaCl might be involved in the extinguishment reactions. The chloride ion from NaCl might be responsible for the interaction with the melting surface of PMMA.

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Experimental Study of Flame Spreading over a Horizontal Fuel Surface

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

The Dependence of Flame Propagation on Surface Heat Transfer I. Downward Burning

The Dependence of Flame Propagation on Surface Heat Transfer I. Downward Burning

Experimental study of the effect of ullage height on flame characteristics of pool fires

Improving Fire Suppression of Water Mist by Chemical Additives

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