Experimental study of crystal anisotropy based on ultra-precision cylindrical turning of single-crystal calcium fluoride

Azami, Shunya; Kawamura, Hiroshi; Mizumoto, Yuta; Tanabe, Takasumi; Yan, Jiwang; Kakinuma, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1016/j.precisioneng.2014.11.007

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…3(a), after turning the CaF 2 with end face (1 1 1). It was found from previous orthogonal cutting tests of the (1 1 0) plane that the critical depth of cut in the [À1 1 1] direction was over 500 nm [6]. On the (1 1 0) plane, this is the same cutting direction at the point a.…”

Section: Influence Of Tool Shape On Surface Qualitymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Previous orthogonal cutting tests of single-crystal CaF 2 showed that the minimum critical depth of cut is 50 nm to produce a homogeneous fine surface on all crystallographic orientations [6]. Based on this result, the cutting conditions of UPCT were determined as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Influence Of Tool Shape On Surface Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the result of the sample with end face (1 1 1), the surface became coarser at 608 intervals, in spite of the 1208 cycle of the crystal structure. Taking into account the crystallographic model, the crystal structure at the cylindrical surface is horizontally flipped when CaF 2 with end face (1 1 1) rotates at 608 [6]. This is why surface roughness varies at 608 intervals for the (1 1 1) sample.…”

Section: Influence Of Tool Shape On Surface Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of subsurface damage caused by ultra-precision turning in fabrication of CaF2 optical micro resonator

2015

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Section: Influence Of Tool Shape On Surface Qualitymentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Influence Of Tool Shape On Surface Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Tool Shape On Surface Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of subsurface damage caused by ultra-precision turning in fabrication of CaF2 optical micro resonator

2015

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“…This result is different from that of glass cutting, Komiya, Kimura, Nomura, Kubo and Yan, Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing, Vol.12, No.1 (2018) where up-cut results in a bigger critical undeformed chip thickness (Tamaki et al, 2005). This difference might be due to the lower mechanical strength of CaF2 than glass (Azami et al, 2015). The tool-workpiece friction during the long ploughing region in up cuts causes tensile stress in the surface layer of CaF2, as a result, more brittle fractures occur in the workpiece material.…”

Section: Effect Of Cutting Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraprecision cutting of single-crystal calcium fluoride for fabricating micro flow cells

Komiya

Kimura

Nomura

et al. 2018

JAMDSM

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Single-crystal infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a promising method for protein structure analysis, where a protein crystal sample is fixed in a micro flow cell. Single-crystal calcium fluoride (CaF2) is expected as the flow cell substrate material for its excellent optical property. However, CaF2 is a highly brittle material having strong anisotropy, thus is extremely difficult to machine. Up to date, there is no available literature on fabrication of CaF2 flow cells. In this study, micro flow cells of single-crystal CaF2 were fabricated by ultraprecision cutting technology. Fly cutting was conducted using a single-crystal diamond tool having straight edges to generate a depth-varying rectangle cross section for the flow cell. The effects of cutting direction, workpiece orientation, undeformed chip thickness and tool rake angle on cutting behavior were investigated. Based on experiments and analysis, optimal conditions for ductile machining of micro grooves in CaF2 were identified. As a result, a 10 μm deep CaF2 micro flow cell with surface roughness of 2.4 nmRa was successfully fabricated. Using the fabricated flow cell, IR spectroscopic analysis of a protein single crystal at room temperature was succeeded. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of ultraprecision cutting technology in CaF2 micro flow cell fabrication, which contributes to the IR analysis of protein, and in turn, the advance of life science.Keywords : Ultraprecision cutting, Single crystal, Calcium fluoride, Ductile machining, Micro flow cell IntroductionPhysiological processes are series of chemical reactions regulated by proteins. Protein structure analysis is important for revealing the functional mechanism of a protein at the atomic level. Conventionally, X-ray crystallography has been used for determining the atomic arrangement of a protein, whereas infrared (IR) spectroscopy is available for analyzing the chemical structure and reactivity of functional sites in the protein. Recently, Kubo et al. developed a highly-sensitive IR spectrometer, suitable for measuring protein solution (Kubo et al., 2013). On the other hand, to facilitate the complementary use of IR and X-ray crystallographic analyses, the IR measurement for protein crystals is also desirable. Previously, an IR flow cell for mounting protein crystals has been reported, where a tapered Teflon spacer was customdesigned (Sage 1997). However, because the precise taper cutting of a thin Teflon sheet is very difficult, an alternative method for the crystal sample mounting still needs to be developed. In the IR analysis of protein, conventional plastic or glass micro flow cells cannot be used due to their low transmittance of IR light. Instead, a micro flow cell made of singlecrystal calcium fluoride (CaF2) is preferential for mounting the protein sample, because CaF2 has excellent transmittance of IR light and enables precise IR measurements of proteins.Conventional plastic and glass flow cells are made by chemical etching or injection/press molding methods. However, those me...

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“…If we can fabricate a crystalline WGM cavity with a computer-controlled lathe cutting process, we may be able to control and design the diameter or the structural dispersion. [16][17][18] We may be even possible to fabricate a deformed WGM microcavities 19 by using similar technique such as a slow tool servo system. 20 In this study we try to control the diameter of the CaF 2 WGM microcavity to allow us to study the impact of cavity diameter on TOM oscillation behavior.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Caf 2 Wgm Microcavity With Ultra-precisiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-material crystalline whispering gallery mode microcavity structure for thermo-opto-mechanical stabilization

et al. 2016

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We fabricated a calcium fluoride (CaF2) whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity with a computer controlled ultra-precision cutting process. We observed a thermo-opto-mechanical (TOM) oscillation in the CaF2 WGM microcavity, which may influence the stability of the optical output when the cavity is employed for Kerr comb generation. We studied experimentally and numerically the mechanism of the TOM oscillation and showed that it is strongly dependent on cavity diameter. In addition, our numerical study suggests that a microcavity structure fabricated with a hybrid material (i.e. CaF2 and silicon), which is compatible with an ultra-high Q and high thermal conductivity, will allow us to reduce the TOM oscillation and stabilize the optical output.

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Experimental study of crystal anisotropy based on ultra-precision cylindrical turning of single-crystal calcium fluoride

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of subsurface damage caused by ultra-precision turning in fabrication of CaF2 optical micro resonator

Evaluation of subsurface damage caused by ultra-precision turning in fabrication of CaF2 optical micro resonator

Ultraprecision cutting of single-crystal calcium fluoride for fabricating micro flow cells

Bi-material crystalline whispering gallery mode microcavity structure for thermo-opto-mechanical stabilization

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