Experimental study of acoustic properties and microhardness of 09Mn2Si steel

Roshchupkin, V. V.; Lyakhovitskii, M. M.; Pokrasin, M. A.; Минина, Н. А.; Kudriavtsev, Eugene M.

doi:10.1134/s0018151x17060165

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Steel has a greater acoustic impedance (~38�10 6 Pa�s/m 3 for hardened manganese steel [46], used in WWI helmets) than composite fibers (~12�10 6 Pa�s/m 3 for Kevlar 1 129, used in ACH [47]), but since both impedances are orders of magnitude higher than air (~440 Pa�s/m 3 ), reflection will be relatively similar (R = 0.999977 for steel and R = 0.999927 for Kevlar 1 129). This explains the similar results for the ACH, Brodie helmet, and Stahlhelm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary blast wave protection in combat helmet design: A historical comparison between present day and World War I

Eynde

Eckersley

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Since World War I, helmets have been used to protect the head in warfare, designed primarily for protection against artillery shrapnel. More recently, helmet requirements have included ballistic and blunt trauma protection, but neurotrauma from primary blast has never been a key concern in helmet design. Only in recent years has the threat of direct blast wave impingement on the head-separate from penetrating trauma-been appreciated. This study compares the blast protective effect of historical (World War I) and current combat helmets, against each other and 'no helmet' or bare head, for realistic shock wave impingement on the helmet crown. Helmets included World War I variants from the United Kingdom/United States (Brodie), France (Adrian), Germany (Stahlhelm), and a current United States combat variant (Advanced Combat Helmet). Helmets were mounted on a dummy head and neck and aligned along the crown of the head with a cylindrical shock tube to simulate an overhead blast. Primary blast waves of different magnitudes were generated based on estimated blast conditions from historical shells. Peak reflected overpressure at the open end of the blast tube was compared to peak overpressure measured at several head locations. All helmets provided significant pressure attenuation compared to the no helmet case. The modern variant did not provide more pressure attenuation than the historical helmets, and some historical helmets performed better at certain measurement locations. The study demonstrates that both historical and current helmets have some primary blast protective capabilities, and that simple design features may improve these capabilities for future helmet systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary blast wave protection in combat helmet design: A historical comparison between present day and World War I

Eynde

Eckersley

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Influence of Hardening on the Speed of Ultrasound in Steels

et al. 2019

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Stand for Determining the Dependence of the Rod Wave Velocity on the Temperature in Metal Bars

Strizhak

2023

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Analysis of changes in the propagation velocity of an acoustic wave is an effective method of structroscopy of various materials. At the same time, technical means are needed to implement its exact calculation. The interfering factor for accurate velocity measurement is the dependence of the acoustic wave velocity on the temperature of the object. The article presents a stand for measuring the rod wave velocity in an extended object with a length of 1 m and a diameter of up to 8 mm with a resolution of 0.14 m/s. The stand contains a heating chamber that allows heating samples in the temperature range of 20…60 ℃ with continuous measurement of the rod wave velocity. The high resolution of the velocity measurement is achieved by sounding the entire body of the sample and calculating the time interval by several reflections. The refinement of the time interval is implemented through frequency oversampling in a multiple greater direction, followed by a correlation comparison of the bottom pulses with each other. When the results are obtained, the sample temperature elongation and the velocity dispersion caused by a change in the recorded signals frequency are taken into account. The results of measuring the rod wave velocity for 60C2, 12X1MF and 12X18N10T steels are presented. Accounting for changes in the recorded signals frequency is based on the calculation of the center of mass in the frequency spectrum of the first and second bottom pulses. The velocity correction is calculated on the basis of dispersion curves in accordance with the steel grade. On the example of steel 60C2, the influence of dispersion of rod wave velocity when heated from 16 to 60 ℃ is taken into account. A change in the center of gravity of the spectrum from 24 to 28 kHz was recorded, which corresponds to a correction of –0.7 m/s.

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Experimental study of acoustic properties and microhardness of 09Mn2Si steel

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Primary blast wave protection in combat helmet design: A historical comparison between present day and World War I

Primary blast wave protection in combat helmet design: A historical comparison between present day and World War I

Influence of Hardening on the Speed of Ultrasound in Steels

Stand for Determining the Dependence of the Rod Wave Velocity on the Temperature in Metal Bars

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