Experimental Studies on Pole Cells and Midgut Differentiation in Diptera

Poulson, D.F.; Waterhouse, D. F.

doi:10.1071/bi9600541

Cited by 90 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In 1964, Jura considered the origin, fate and effects of treatment of pole cells in D. virilis. Finally, Poulson and Waterhouse (1960) established the essential role of the pole cells in Diptera with respect to the development of a fertile imago in these holometabolous insects. They also implicated pole cells in the differentiation of specialized portions of the midgut, a site of pole cell migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pole Cells of Drosophila paulistorum Embryologic Differentiation with Symbionts

Daniels¹

1975

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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The pole cells of young D. paulistorum embryos are destined to form the germinal cells of both male and female imagoes. In addition, specialized portions of the midgut may be derived from pole cell progenitors. In this initial study of their embryogenesis by means of electron microscopy, various stages of pole cell development are shown in both non-hybrid (potentially fertile) and intersemispecific hybrid (potentially sterile as males) materials. Originally, approximately 5 or 6 cells emerge to form the early polar cap and subsequently divide asynchronously until the 35-50 cells of the late polar cap are derived. Unlike other Drosophila species, however, mycoplasma-like symbionts, apparently an hereditary infection, have been traced to locations within the cytoplasm of these pole cells. They are depicted as arriving there after transmission via the egg cytoplasm, implicating this as their probable route of entry into the future germinal tissues of adult flies. It is postulated that these microorganisms function as an infectious reproductive isolating mechanism fostering hybrid male sterility between D. paulistorum semispecies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pole Cells of Drosophila paulistorum Embryologic Differentiation with Symbionts

Daniels¹

1975

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…In these instances RNA-containing cytoplasmic granules are segregated into a small number of cells that have been shown to become the primordial germ cells. By utilizing procedures that remove this specific region of the egg (6, 7), destroy it with ultraviolet light (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), or displace it by centrifugation (13-15), many workers have been able to verify the determinative role of a specific region of the egg for forming germ cells. Furthermore, Smith (16) has been able to restore the capacity of vegetal cytoplasm of frog eggs to produce germ cells by injecting "germinal plasm" into eggs that had been sterilized by UV-irradiation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, some of these cells differentiate into primordial germ cells within the embryonic gonad, while others probably participate in forming the midgut (10). Many workers (e.g., 8,[10][11][12] have shown that UV-irradiation or removal of the posterior polar plasm of eggs before the presence of nuclei in this region results in embryos devoid of primordial germ cells and, consequently, in flies that are sterile. Direct confirmation of the embryological evidence that pole cells become germ cells has been achieved by transplanting genetically marked pole cells to a differently marked host embryo and obtaining offspring from the transplanted cells (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplantation of Posterior Polar Plasm in Drosophila . Induction of Germ Cells at the Anterior Pole of the Egg

Illmensee

Mahowald

1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

384

184

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In Drosophila melanogaster the primordial germ cells are normally formed at the posterior tip of the egg during the preblastoderm stage. In order to determine whether the posterior polar plasm is capable of inducing the formation of primordial germ cells in another region of the embryo, portions of this cytoplasm were transferred from wild-type embryos of the early cleavage stage to the anterior tip of mwh e embryos of the same age. At various times after the injection (15-200 min), embryos were fixed for histological analysis. Alternating thick and thin sections were examined for the presence of experimentally induced pole cells. In more than half of the embryos analyzed in this way, one to six cells were found containing the polar granules as well as round nuclear structures, both of which are characteristic of normal pole cells and are not present in blastoderm cells. In order to determine whether these "pole cells" function normally, i.e., develop further into germ cells, the cells induced at the anterior tip of mwh e blastoderm embryos were introduced into the posterior region of y w sns hosts of the same age. The flies resulting from these embryos were mated toy w sn3 partners. In addition to the expected y w sn3 progeny, wild-type flies heterozygous for mwh e and, therefore, descended from the experimentally induced pole cells were found in 4% of the crosses. Such flies did not appear in the control experiments after transfer of normal anterior cells from noninjected blastoderm embryos.These results demonstrate that the posterior polar plasm can be transferred to the anterior tip of the embryo and that in this presuniptive somatic region it still retains its capacity to determine the formation of the primordial germ cells.

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“…The cellular pellet is carefully removed with a hook of fine tungsten wire and cut into 10-30 pieces (depending on the size of the pellet) with a tungsten needle. The pieces are implanted into the body cavity of adult Oregon-R females (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) (27) and labial (28) discs respectively, as a result of transdetermination.…”

Section: Culture Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first few cells arise at the posterior pole after about 2.5 hr of development at 250C. These cells are designated as pole cells and give rise to the primordial germ cells (15) and the cuprophilic cells of the gut (16). At about 3 hr of development, the majority of the nuclei migrate to the periphery of the egg into the cortical cytoplasm, where they line up in a single layer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Blastoderm Cells in Drosophila melanogaster

Gehring

1971

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

207

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A method for culturing blastoderm cells of Drosophila in vivo has been developed that allows these cells to differentiate into larval or adult structures. By intermixture of genetically marked cells from bisected and whole embryos, it was shown that blastoderm cells are restricted in their potential for forming adult epidermal structures. Cells isolated from anterior-half embryos are determined for forming head and thoracic structures, whereas cells from posterior-half embryos are determined for forming thoracic and abdominal structures. The specificity of determination and the localization of determinative factors is discussed.

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Experimental Studies on Pole Cells and Midgut Differentiation in Diptera

Cited by 90 publications

References 19 publications

Pole Cells of Drosophila paulistorum Embryologic Differentiation with Symbionts

Pole Cells of Drosophila paulistorum Embryologic Differentiation with Symbionts

Transplantation of Posterior Polar Plasm in Drosophila . Induction of Germ Cells at the Anterior Pole of the Egg

Determination of Blastoderm Cells in Drosophila melanogaster

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