Experimental Studies of Passive Intermodulation in Metal-to-Metal Contacts

Abstract

Abstract-This paper describes experimental studies of passive intermodulation due to metal-metal contacts. These studies cover the influence of roughness surface profile and of the thin native oxide layer on PIM value versus contact axial forces. A complete description of a dedicated test bench used during different studies is done. Moreover, obtained results are compared to observations published earlier.

Experimental study on the practical mitigation of passive intermodulation for time and temperature in cavity duplexer

“…This unwanted PIM can be generated by a variety of sources such as metal-metal (MM), metal-insulator-metal (MIM) contact, materials, plating, roughness, and resonator structure etc. [2][3][4]. Many of them have been identified and modelled along the years, yet the physical descriptions of the different sources are quite obscure.…”