Experimental Studies in Animals

Kodavanti, Urmila P.; Chen, Lung‐Chi; Costa, Daniel L.

doi:10.1002/9780470910917.ch10

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…However, inconsistent results on specific biomarkers related to PM exposure have also been observed [25,26,27,28,29,30,31] and no statistical difference has been observed in cytokines levels after laboratory exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) [32,33]. There was no significant association between CRP, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and CAPs exposure in a study in UK, US, and Canada [32,33,34] while a study in the Netherlands reported the positive association between PM 2.5 or PM 10 with CRP [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was no significant association between CRP, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and CAPs exposure in a study in UK, US, and Canada [32,33,34] while a study in the Netherlands reported the positive association between PM 2.5 or PM 10 with CRP [35]. Enhanced levels of inflammatory markers, such as CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, suggest the future risk of cardiovascular diseases [25]. Individual responses to exposure may also vary and may be related with genetic predisposition [36] and other factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roadside Exposure and Inflammation Biomarkers among a Cohort of Traffic Police in Kathmandu, Nepal

Shakya

Peltier

Zhang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Air pollution is a major environmental problem in the Kathmandu Valley. Specifically, roadside and traffic-related air pollution exposure levels were found at very high levels exceeding Nepal air quality standards for daily PM2.5. In an exposure study involving traffic police officers, we collected 78 blood samples in a highly polluted spring season (16 February 2014–4 April 2014) and 63 blood samples in the less polluted summer season (20 July 2014–22 August 2014). Fourteen biomarkers, i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukins (IL1-β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were analyzed in collected blood samples using proinflammatory panel 1 kits and vascular injury panel 2 kits. All the inflammatory biomarker levels were higher in the summer season than in the spring season, while particulate levels were higher in the spring season than in the summer season. We did not find significant association between 24-hour average PM2.5 or black carbon (BC) exposure levels with most of analyzed biomarkers for the traffic volunteers working and residing near busy roads in Kathmandu, Nepal, during 2014. Inflammation and vascular injury marker concentrations were generally higher in females, suggesting the important role of gender in inflammation biomarkers. Because of the small sample size of female subjects, further investigation with a larger sample size is required to confirm the role of gender in inflammation biomarkers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadside Exposure and Inflammation Biomarkers among a Cohort of Traffic Police in Kathmandu, Nepal

Shakya

Peltier

Zhang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The mechanisms by which inhaled pollutants affect extrapulmonary organs remains an area of research interest. It is postulated that the extrapulmonary effects of lung-encountered pollutants are mediated by 3 potential mechanisms (Donaldson et al, 2001;Kodavanti et al, 2011): (1) once deposited in the lung, soluble gases/vapors, and leachable/insoluble nano-sized particulate components can be absorbed into the circulation and distributed to extrapulmonary organs where they mediate effects, (2) injury to local lung cellular milieu or lung lining structures produce bioactive and vasoactive components and cytokines that subsequently circulate and encounter extrapulmonary tissues where they produce effects, and (3) air pollutants interact with pulmonary nerves and receptors that activate the autonomic nervous system leading to systemic alterations. Since air pollution is composed of numerous chemically and physically heterogeneous substances, none of these theories can be discounted.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine Regulation of Air Pollution Health Effects: Emerging Insights

Snow

Henriquez

Costa

et al. 2018

Toxicological Sciences

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Air pollutant exposures are linked to cardiopulmonary diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, neurobehavioral conditions, and reproductive abnormalities. Significant effort is invested in understanding how pollutants encountered by the lung might induce effects in distant organs. The role of circulating mediators has been predicted; however, their origin and identity have not been confirmed. New evidence has emerged which implicates the role of neuroendocrine sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axes in mediating a wide array of systemic and pulmonary effects. Our recent studies using ozone exposure as a prototypical air pollutant demonstrate that increases in circulating adrenal-derived stress hormones (epinephrine and cortisol/corticosterone) contribute to lung injury/inflammation and metabolic effects in the liver, pancreas, adipose, and muscle tissues. When stress hormones are depleted by adrenalectomy in rats, most ozone effects including lung injury/inflammation are diminished. Animals treated with antagonists for adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptors show inhibition of the pulmonary and systemic effects of ozone, whereas treatment with agonists restore and exacerbate the ozone-induced injury/inflammation phenotype, implying the role of neuroendocrine activation. The neuroendocrine system is critical for normal homeostasis and allostatic activation; however, chronic exposure to stressors may lead to increases in allostatic load. The emerging mechanisms by which circulating mediators are released and are responsible for producing multiorgan effects of air pollutants insists upon a paradigm shift in the field of air pollution and health. Moreover, since these neuroendocrine responses are linked to both chemical and nonchemical stressors, the interactive influence of air pollutants, lifestyle, and environmental factors requires further study.

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Experimental Studies in Animals

Cited by 2 publications

References 119 publications

Roadside Exposure and Inflammation Biomarkers among a Cohort of Traffic Police in Kathmandu, Nepal

Roadside Exposure and Inflammation Biomarkers among a Cohort of Traffic Police in Kathmandu, Nepal

Neuroendocrine Regulation of Air Pollution Health Effects: Emerging Insights

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