Experimental streptococcal mastitis

Howell, D.G.; Pattison, I.H.; Holman, H.H.; Smith, Ian M.

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(54)80034-8

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This has its parallel in the bovine species where experimental infection with streptococci by the intramammary route also produces variable results (Howell et al, 1954). In this respect, Pattison (1949) has reported the general pathogenicity for mice of streptococci of bovine origin injected intraperitoneally or intravenously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Bacterial Mastitis In The Mouse

Chandler

1970

Journal of Medical Microbiology

120

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PLATES XXIII AND XXIVP R O B L E M S of husbandry, including management and costs, have always caused difficulties in the use of cows for the study of bovine mastitis. Goats and sheep have been used as a substitute, but with these species husbandry problems are also considerable. A laboratory animal model for studying mastitis that was inexpensive and readily maintained by laboratories with standard facilities would be of considerable importance. This paper describes the production of experimental mastitis in mice by intramamniary inoculation. Organisms that are commonly associated with naturally occurring bovine mastitis were inoculated and the macroscopic and histological responses observed closely resembled those that occur in the cow. The model provides a convenient system for fundamental studies and quantitative experiments on mastitis prior to final assessment in cattle. MATERIALS AND METHODSMice. The BSVS strain, maintained as a closed colony at this Institute for several years, was used. In preliminary experiments mice that had produced more than one litter and were at varying stages of lactation were taken from the breeding stock. In later experiments mice that had borne only one litter and were at the 10th-15th day of lactation were used to provide a more constant standard. Offspring were removed from the lactating mice and disposed of about 1-2 hr before inoculation.Bacteria inoculated. The following bacterial species were used in infection experiments : Staphylococcus aureus (strain S57), Streptococcus agalactiae (strains S 13 and 122), Corynebacterium pyogenes (strain PM l), Escherichia coli (strain GS. 1) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain GS. 2). All these strains had originally been isolated from cases of bovine mastitis.Inocula were prepared from cultures in Todd-Hewitt broth (C. pyogenes in serum broth) and the bacterial suspensions were standardised to Brown's tube no. 8 before further dilution. Bacterial counts were made by the method of Miles and Misra (Miles, Misra and Irwin, 1938). Control inocula consisted of heat-killed organisms, culture filtrate and culture media. The volume inoculated was approximately 0.05 ml per teat.The mice were lightly anaesthetised with ether and were laid on their backs and to one side on a small cork board so as to present the teats chosen for inoculation ( fig. 1). The teats were lightly dabbed with cotton-wool soaked in surgical spirit; this laid down the hair around the teats and facilitated subsequent observation. Hamilton 33G steel needles (V. A. Howe Ltd, Pembridge Road, London),(1 cm) long with Luer fitting and mounted on 1-ml disposable plastic syringes were employed. During inoculation each teat was viewed through a x 10 bench binocular magnifier (Vickers " Sterimag "). The flaccid teat was held lightly with fine forceps near its tip and the needle positioned at the centre of the tip of the teat; the needle was then Intramammary inoculation technique.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Bacterial Mastitis In The Mouse

Chandler

1970

Journal of Medical Microbiology

120

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“…A series of experiments to compare the reactions to intramammary inoculation of Str. agalactiae in cows and goats has been made by Howell, Pattison, Holman & Smith (77). In three separate experiments, thirty-five cows were inoculated in one quarter of the udder with one or other of two serologically distinct strains of Str.…”

Section: Experimental Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section E. Diseases of dairy cattle

Blackburn

1956

Journal of Dairy Research

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The kinetics of inflammation and phagocytosis during bovine mastitis induced by Streptococcus agalactiae bearing the protein X

Rainard

Lautrou

Sarradin

et al. 1991

Veterinary Research Communications

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The protein X of Streptococcus agalactiae is a surface antigen borne by a high proportion of strains isolated from bovine mastitis. We have tested the capacity of two strains of X-bearing Streptococcus agalactiae to induce mastitis in dairy cows. The reference X-strain (411.07) produced an intramammary infection with local clinical signs in the three inoculated quarters. Another X-bearing strain (443.31) of bovine origin produced infection in all 11 quarters inoculated with only 25 or 85 colony-forming units. In naive cows, strain 433.31 induced less exudation of plasma into the milk, shedding of bacteria, macroscopic alteration, and a lower somatic cell count (SCC) than did the reference strain. Only one quarter spontaneously eliminated the infection before antibiotic treatment 9 days after inoculation. The serum of all the cows contained naturally acquired or induced antibodies to the challenge strain (443.31) and possessed opsonic activity. Before inflammation occurred, the milk was almost devoid of antibody or opsonic activities. The early phase of infection was characterized by rapid multiplication of streptococci in the milk, followed by a sharp drop in bacterial counts concomitant with the onset of inflammation. Three cows immunized with protein X displayed higher SCC and bactericidal activity in milk from the inoculated quarter at the onset of inflammation than non-immunized cows. Two of the three immunized cows underwent an early and transient febrile episode and eliminated the infection.

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Experimental streptococcal mastitis

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Experimental Bacterial Mastitis In The Mouse

Experimental Bacterial Mastitis In The Mouse

Section E. Diseases of dairy cattle

The kinetics of inflammation and phagocytosis during bovine mastitis induced by Streptococcus agalactiae bearing the protein X

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