Experimental Size‐Selective Harvesting Affects Behavioral Types of a Social Fish

Sbragaglia, Valerio; Alós, Josep; Fromm, Kim; Monk, Christopher T.; Díaz‐Gil, Carlos; Uusi‐Heikkilä, Silva; Honsey, Andrew E.; Wilson, Alexander D. M.; Arlinghaus, Robert

doi:10.1002/tafs.10160

Cited by 22 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Previous studies showed that the zebrafish selection lines differed in personality traits such as exploration, boldness and sociability (Sbragaglia, Alós, et al, ; Uusi‐Heikkilä et al, ). Our work adds to this research by showcasing that size selection has altered male aggressive behaviour during intersexual dyadic contests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies showed that the zebrafish selection lines differed in personality traits such as exploration, boldness and sociability (Sbragaglia, Alós, et al, 2019;Uusi-Heikkilä et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data are available on Dryad Digital Repository https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.181154k (Sbragaglia et al, ).…”

Section: Data Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In earlier studies, the zebrafish selection lines have been found to differ phenotypically in reproductive allocation (defined as the amount of energy allocated to reproduction; Lester, Shuter, & Abrams, ), post‐maturation growth and adult body size (Uusi‐Heikkilä et al, ). Moreover, the selection lines differ genetically, in gene expression profiles and in personality traits (Sbragaglia, Alós, et al, ; Uusi‐Heikkilä, Savilammi, Leder, Arlinghaus, & Primmer, ; Uusi‐Heikkilä et al, ). In particular, the line in which large individuals were harvested (simulated trawl‐like selectivity patterns or harvest regulations mimicking minimum‐landing sizes) evolved a smaller body length, earlier age at maturity, higher relative fecundity and a smaller maximum length compared to the control, suggesting evolution towards a fast life history (Uusi‐Heikkilä et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aggression, egg fertilization, fisheries-induced evolution, reproductive isolation, zebrafish expression profiles and in personality traits (Sbragaglia, Alós, et al, 2019;Uusi-Heikkilä, Savilammi, Leder, Arlinghaus, & Primmer, 2017;Uusi-Heikkilä et al, 2015). In particular, the line in which large individuals were harvested (simulated trawl-like selectivity patterns or harvest regulations mimicking minimum-landing sizes) evolved a smaller body length, earlier age at maturity, higher relative fecundity and a smaller maximum length compared to the control, suggesting evolution towards a fast life history (Uusi-Heikkilä et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size‐selective harvesting fosters adaptations in mating behaviour and reproductive allocation, affecting sexual selection in fish

Sbragaglia

Gliese

Bierbach

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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The role of sexual selection in the context of harvest‐induced evolution is poorly understood. However, elevated and trait‐selective harvesting of wild populations may change sexually selected traits, which in turn can affect mate choice and reproduction. We experimentally evaluated the potential for fisheries‐induced evolution of mating behaviour and reproductive allocation in fish. We used an experimental system of zebrafish (Danio rerio) lines exposed to large, small or random (i.e. control) size‐selective mortality. The large‐harvested line represented a treatment simulating the typical case in fisheries where the largest individuals are preferentially harvested. We used a full factorial design of spawning trials with size‐matched individuals to control for the systematic impact of body size during reproduction, thereby singling out possible changes in mating behaviour and reproductive allocation. Both small size‐selective mortality and large size‐selective mortality left a legacy on male mating behaviour by elevating intersexual aggression. However, there was no evidence for line‐assortative reproductive allocation. Females of all lines preferentially allocated eggs to the generally less aggressive males of the random‐harvested control line. Females of the large‐harvested line showed enhanced reproductive performance, and males of the large‐harvested line had the highest egg fertilization rate among all males. These findings can be explained as an evolutionary adaptation by which individuals of the large‐harvested line display an enhanced reproductive performance early in life to offset the increased probability of adult mortality due to harvest. Our results suggest that the large‐harvested line evolved behaviourally mediated reproductive adaptations that could increase the rate of recovery when populations adapted to high fishing pressure come into secondary contact with other populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data are available on Dryad Digital Repository https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.181154k (Sbragaglia et al, ).…”

Section: Data Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size‐selective harvesting fosters adaptations in mating behaviour and reproductive allocation, affecting sexual selection in fish

Sbragaglia

Gliese

Bierbach

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Does size‐selective harvesting erode adaptive potential to thermal stress?

Sadler,

van Dijk,

Karjalainen

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Overharvesting is a serious threat to many fish populations. High mortality and directional selection on body size can cause evolutionary change in exploited populations via selection for a specific phenotype and a potential reduction in phenotypic diversity. Whether the loss of phenotypic diversity that accompanies directional selection impairs response to environmental stress is not known. To address this question, we exposed three zebrafish selection lines to thermal stress. Two lines had experienced directional selection for (1) large and (2) small body size, and one was (3) subject to random removal of individuals with respect to body size (i.e. line with no directional selection). Selection lines were exposed to three temperatures (elevated, 34°C; ambient, 28°C; low, 22°C) to determine the response to an environmental stressor (thermal stress). We assessed differences among selection lines in their life history (growth and reproduction), physiological traits (metabolic rate and critical thermal max) and behaviour (activity and feeding behaviour) when reared at different temperatures. Lines experiencing directional selection (i.e. size selected) showed reduced growth rate and a shift in average phenotype in response to lower or elevated thermal stress compared with fish from the random‐selected line. Our data indicate that populations exposed to directional selection can have a more limited capacity to respond to thermal stress compared with fish that experience a comparable reduction in population size (but without directional selection). Future studies should aim to understand the impacts of environmental stressors on natural fish stocks.

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Personality in juvenile Atlantic cod ecotypes and implications for fisheries management

Beukeboom

Phillips

Ólafsdóttir

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Animals show among‐individual variation in behaviors, including migration behaviors, which are often repeatable across time periods and contexts, commonly termed “personality.” These behaviors can be correlated, forming a behavioral syndrome. In this study, we assessed the repeatability and correlation of different behavioral traits, i.e., boldness, exploration, and sociality, and the link to feeding migration patterns in Atlantic cod juveniles. To do so, we collected repeated measurements within two short‐term (3 days) and two long‐term (2 months) intervals of these personality traits and genotypes of the Pan I locus, which is correlated with feeding migration patterns in this species. We found high repeatabilities for exploration behavior in the short‐ and long‐term intervals, and a trend for the relationship between exploration and the Pan I locus. Boldness and sociality were only repeatable in the second short‐term interval indicating a possible development of stability over time and did not show a relation with the Pan I locus. We found no indication of behavioral syndromes among the studied traits. We were unable to identify the existence of a migration syndrome for the frontal genotype, which is the reason that the link between personality and migration remains inconclusive, but we demonstrated a possible link between exploration and the Pan I genotype. This supports the need for further research that should focus on the effect of exploration tendency and other personality traits on cod movement, including the migratory (frontal) ecotype to develop management strategies based on behavioral units, rather than treating the population as a single homogeneous stock.

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Experimental Size‐Selective Harvesting Affects Behavioral Types of a Social Fish

Abstract: In most fisheries, larger fish experience substantially higher mortality than smaller fish. Body length, life history, and behavioral traits are often correlated, such that fisheries-induced changes in size or life history can also alter

Cited by 22 publications

References 110 publications

Size‐selective harvesting fosters adaptations in mating behaviour and reproductive allocation, affecting sexual selection in fish

Size‐selective harvesting fosters adaptations in mating behaviour and reproductive allocation, affecting sexual selection in fish

Does size‐selective harvesting erode adaptive potential to thermal stress?

Personality in juvenile Atlantic cod ecotypes and implications for fisheries management

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