“…Currently, ER and MR fluids are used as working fluids in numerous prototype devices and machine components, e.g. : energy recovery systems [6,7], industrial robots [8,9], viscous clutches and brakes [10][11][12], hydrodynamic clutches and brakes [13,14], combined clutches [15], energy absorbers [16][17][18], shock absorbers [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], valves [26][27][28], beams and plates [29,30], seals [31] and engine suspensions [32]. So far, the works on the development of viscous brakes and clutches with ER and MR fluids have been concentrated mainly on explaining the mechanics of the fluids' behaviour and on a functionality assessment of the brakes and clutches [33,34].…”