Experimental Scedosporiosis Induces Cerebral Oedema Associated with Abscess regarding Aquaporin-4 and Nrf-2 Depletions

Abstract

Cerebral involvement especially brain abscess is life-threatening complication and major cause of death during Scedosporium apiospermum infection. However, little is known about pathogenesis of brain oedema associated with abscess in scedosporiosis. Experimental scedosporiosis was conducted in BALB/cMlac mice to characterize the presence of brain oedema, its type, and its related mechanisms focusing on aquaporin (AQP)-4, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor (Nrf-2), and tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-α. The results revealed that S. apiospermum infection induced severe inflammatory environment relevant to TNF-α expression and cytogenic oedema-associated brain abscess predominately in cerebrum of immunocompromised mice without voriconazole treatment reflecting to downregulation of AQP-4 in neighboring abscess areas and oedematous blood vessels. Downregulation of Nrf-2 in neuronal cells and myelin degeneration were significantly observed in nontreated mice. In summary, oxidative stress, severe inflammatory response, and space-occupying mass from abscess formation inducing tissue hypoxia might be the postulate causes of oedema induced by scedosporiosis.

<p>Tryptophol Coating Reduces Catheter-Related Cerebral and Pulmonary Infections by <em>Scedosporium apiospermum</em></p>

“…Elevation of tumor necrotic factor-α and downregulation of aquaporin-4 and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor in neuronal cells and myelin degeneration induced by S. apiospermum were found in non-treated mice, proposing the cause of water imbalance and oxidative stress which lead to cerebral edema and abscess. 29 Thus, our results proposed that a pre-coating catheter with TOH lessens the risk of cerebral and pulmonary complications due to S. apiospermum catheter-related infection.…”

“…Overall, the histopathologic score was calculated by the combination of each histological change. 29…”

Phenomic profiling of a novel sibling species within the Scedosporium complex in Thailand

“…Recently, we reported cerebral edema associated with abscess after S. apiospermum infection. We showed that brain pathology resulted from the depletion of aquaporin (AQP)-4 expression [ 32 ]. AQP-4 is a water homeostasis membrane protein that plays an essential role in regulating water movement in the brain [ 33 ].…”

Evaluating the effect of rice (Oryza sativa L.: SRNC05053-6-2) crude extract on psoriasis using in vitro and in vivo models

“…To demonstrate the resolutive, antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties of the extract on both artificial and rat psoriasis skin specimens, the immunostaining, as described in our recent studies 30 – 35 , 38 , 39 , of caspase-3, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)-2, interleukin (IL)-10, TGF-β, β-defensin and CCL-20 were performed using rabbit isotype polyclonal antibodies (MyBioSource, USA). After deparaffinisation and dehydration, the antigenicity of the section was enhanced using heated citrate buffer (pH 6.0).…”