Experimental retrograde pyelonephritis and cystitis induced in rabbits by a group D Streptococcus sp.: serum antibody assay by a hemagglutination test

Abstract

Experimental models of urinary tract infection caused by a group D Streptococcus sp. in rabbits are described: retrograde pyelonephritis was induced by injecting 109 group D streptococci into the renal pelvis and obstructing the ureter by ligature for 24 h; cystitis was induced by injecting 5.109 group D streptococci

Virulence of enterococci

“…Infection likely occurs through organisms ascending the urethra and ureters. In an attempt to mimic this process, Desnottes et al (49) developed a model of pyelonephritis in male rabbits. Following temporary ligation of a ureter, these investigators injected protease-producing E. faecalis into the renal pelvis.…”

Protective effects of snake venom antimicrobial peptide OH-CATH on E. coli induced rabbit urinary tract infection models

“…导尿管留置是临床诊疗中常用的基础技术, 但 导 尿 术 极 易 引 发 留 置 导 尿 管 相 关 性 尿 路 感 染 (CAUTI), 90%以上的医院获得性尿路感染与留置 导尿管有关 (Burke, 2003)。 导尿管留置 3 d 发生尿路 感染的感染率为 31%, >5 d 为 74%, 而长期留置则 几乎为 100% (Wagenlehner et al, 2006)。我国医院感 染中因留置尿管引发尿路感染的比例为 20.8%～ 31.7% (Hu, 2005)。此类感染往往是多种微生物混合 感染, 可以持续数天到数月, 其中大肠埃希菌(E. coli)是 CAUTI 病人尿液中最普遍的菌种 (Warren et al, 1982)。 由于大剂量及广谱抗生素的滥用, 耐药细 菌的种类增多且耐药性增强, 诸如"超级细菌"等 新型菌种或病毒, 对现有的抗微生物药物及治疗手 段提出了巨大的挑战。 近年来, 抗菌肽以其强大的抗菌及免疫调节等 作用使得人们对其研究日益深入。具有自主知识产 权的蛇毒 Cathelicidin 抗菌肽由中国科学院 "动物模 型与人类疾病机理"重点实验室"生物毒素与人类 疾病"学科组首先发现, 为得到国家"重大新药创 制"科技重大专项支持的具有极高临床应用前景的 抗临床耐药病原菌感染候选药物分子。蛇毒来源的 Cathelicidin 对许多临床耐药微生物显示了极强的 体外抗菌活性, 并具有极低的细胞毒性以及溶血活 性(>400 μg/mL), 同时, 在高盐度(1% NaCl)及血浆 存在下也能保持其抗菌活性, 显示了较高的临床应 用前景 (Zhao et al, 2008;Li et al, 2008) (Kang et al, 2004;Desnottes et al, 1981;Mever-Siegler et al, 2004), 分别注射两种菌液得到 大肠杆菌标准株及耐头孢菌素大肠杆菌耐药株感 染的家兔泌尿系感染模型。 Table 1 Urine culture positive rate (positive cases / total cases) among experimental groups at different intervals (%)…”

“…100 (6/6) 0 (0/6) 0 (0/6) 0 (0/6) 66.7 (4/6) 5 100 (6/6) 0 (0/6) 0 (0/6) 0 (0/6) 83.3 (5/6) 10 100 (6/6) 0 (0/6) 0 (0/6) 33. (Asahara et al, 2001;Kang et al, 2004;Desnottes et al, 1981;Mever-Siegler et al, 2004)…”