Experimental results of gasification of waste tire with air in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier

Energy Recovery from Scrap Tires: A Sustainable Option for Small Islands like Puerto Rico

“…It produces collateral oils and syngas [40,41], as shown in Figure 2, which an energetic yields from 35% to 45%, respectively [29,[42][43][44][45][46][47]. The high acceptance of pyrolysis for the treatment of ST is that the derived oils and syngas can be used as fuels or as feedstock for refining crude oil or chemical products [40,46]. The best scenarios for the energy conversion of ST by pyrolysis requires a temperature of 430 °C, a constant 0.35 m 3 /h nitrogen flow, and a 10 mm TDF [47,48].…”

“…Despite TDF reduces the cost of energy production [60,61], thermoelectric power plants prefer to use whole ST, since producing TDF can be up to five times more expensive than pulverizing coal [58], while its making consumes large amounts of energy [62]. However, TDF can be used to feed thermal processes in many other industries, for instance metallurgical, cement, pharmaceutical and recycling, or to provide electricity to run the operations of those industries, via energy recovery by pyrolysis, the most recommended method [39,40].…”

“…It is within this option where ST must be included on the Island renewable energy resources portfolio, due to its high heat potential, and the new legal framework and economic incentives to develop projects with such purposes [18]. Given that pyrolysis is the best recommended method for the management and energy recovery of ST [39,40], that technique can only renders sound economic benefits if the final products are improved under high standards to reach a marketable yield [26], and if the process reassures not to inflict public and environmental health, the pillars of sustainability.…”

“…Despite this, with an almost inexhaustible supply of ST in PR and the possibility to receive ST from neighboring Caribbean islands that confront problems with this material [25,82], the herein hypothetical values deserve to be validated by pilot projects through alliances with the local government, PREPA, the private sector, and universities, primarily to compare and examine the 35%-45% performance [29,42], and the different types of pyrolysis techniques [31] that better applies to a tropical island environment. Being pyrolysis the most recommended procedure for processing scrap tire [38][39][40][41]44], new models deserve to be developed to characterize its kinetics and to interpret the techniques that will result in obtaining a gas or liquid by-product with high calorific value [54], and to validate that energy recovered exceeds the one required to initiate and sustain the process [53]. Certainly pyrolysis presents marketing reticence due to the high costs of installation of the facilities [29,76], but this factor can be addressed through collaboration networks [70], and the fact that initial costs are recovered in the short-term [29].…”

Fluidized bed gasification of high tonnage sorghum, cotton gin trash and beef cattle manure: Evaluation of synthesis gas production

“…In contrast, the gasification temperature and ER had significant effect on hydrogen concentration (p-value < 0.05). Karatas et al [44] also reported that the carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane gas increased moderately when ER was decreased from 0.45 to 0.29, while it rapidly increased when ER was decreased from 0.29 to 0.15 at a constant temperature.…”