Experimental results from a 5kW PEM fuel cell stack operated on simulated reformate from highly diluted hydrocarbon fuels: Efficiency, dilution, fuel utilisation, CO poisoning and design criteria

Hedström, Lars; Tingelöf, Thomas; Alvfors, Per; Lindbergh, Göran

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.11.079

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The purity of H 2 is a vital consideration in fuel cell applications as the presence of trace amounts of impurities, for example CO, at ppm levels can poison the catalyst-electrodes. 1 Producing H 2 from H 2 O directly must potentially offer H 2 production processes with reduced requirements for separation. A review of some of the possible routes to H 2 production from H 2 O splitting has been provided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chemical looping process for hydrogen production using iron-containing perovskites

Murugan

Thursfield

Metcalfe

2011

Energy Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chemical looping process for hydrogen production using iron-containing perovskites

Murugan

Thursfield

Metcalfe

2011

Energy Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The CFD model equations were solved using the appropriate boundary conditions described above and obtained optimized design parameters of catalytic flat plate fuel reformer. 12 Detailed results of design parameters study using the CFD model can be found in our earlier publication [30].…”

Section: Flat Plate Combustion Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, hydrogen must be extracted either from other natural resources through various means or could be produced on-board by reforming process [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. As a viable alternative of carrying pure hydrogen and lack of hydrogen dispensing infrastructure, onboard hydrogen generation by reforming hydrocarbon fuels available in established nationwide refueling stations such as natural gas, gasoline, diesel, propane or alcohol-based bio-fuels would be an obvious choice [2][3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The only issue of using reformate fuel into the PEMFC stack is to degradation of PEMFC stack performance due to poisoning of Pt catalyst, used in PEMFC, by the carbon 4 monoxide (CO) presence in the reformate fuel [1][2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental performance evaluation of a combustion heat-assisted catalytic flat plate fuel reformer for fuel cell grade hydrogen

Das

Gadde

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Combining exothermic catalytic combustion heat on one side of a very high heat convective thin flat plate and endothermic catalytic reforming reaction on the other side, catalytic flat plate provides excellent heat integration into a compact fuel reformer system. Based on a twodimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model simulation results, a real world compact catalytic flat plate fuel reformer was built and experimentally evaluated its performance, for generating fuel cell grade hydrogen, in an actual high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system. The two-dimensional CFD model helps to optimize various design parameters necessary to build the actual compact reformer and eliminated the uncertainties of heat and mass transfer coefficient values arise in one-dimensional CFD model. The performance of the compact catalytic flat plate fuel reformer was evaluated using a 5-cell high temperature PEM fuel cell stack at 160 o C with reformate fed directly from the reformer to the anode stream of fuel cell stack. For performance comparison, a 5-cell high temperature PEM fuel cell stack was first evaluated with industry-standard pure hydrogen (0% CO) as well as with various percentage of CO mixed hydrogen (2%CO and 5%CO). Experimental results showed that if the average cell voltage drop within 0.03~0.05mV of a 5-cell high temperature PEM fuel cell stack would be acceptable then the reformate can be used at 160 o C instead of pure hydrogen. The experimental results also indicated that the reformer will be able to provide actual fuel cell grade hydrogen that could be directly pumped from the compact catalytic flat plate fuel reformer into the high temperature PEM fuel cell stack.

show abstract

“…Although, the performance loss from CO 2 versus N 2 when operating at lower cell temperatures, such as 60 o C, do show that CO 2 greater negative impact than N 2 [31]. In this work, the H 2 concentration was varied from 30-100%, the temperature was varied from 160-200 o C, and the operating pressure was changed from atmospheric to 200 kPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Performance of high temperature PEM fuel cell materials. Part 1: Effects of temperature, pressure and anode dilution

Waller

Walluk

Trabold

2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells operate most effectively at temperatures 160 o C or greater and can tolerate high carbon monoxide concentrations in fuel feeds. For practical mobile fuel cell systems, the ability to tolerate high levels of carbon monoxide enables a simplified integrated reformer fuel cell design, where a one-step reforming process can directly feed the fuel cell. This creates the potential for practical fuel cell systems to be designed that are capable of operating using an on-board hydrocarbon fuel. Hydrocarbon reforming processes (i.e., partial oxidation, steam reforming, or autothermal reforming) generate effluent gas compositions that typically contain various amounts of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water. While there are several studies that have examined the effects of CO dilution on HT-PEM fuel cell performance, there are very few that have examined the effects of other common reformate species, particularly while operating at varying temperatures and pressures. This work aims to fill the research gap in published data through evaluation of the performance exhibited by two HT-PEM membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) types, Advent's TPS ©-based MEA and the BASF Celtec series MEA, based on acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI). In Part I of this series, the effects of temperature and pressure for various percentages of anode dilution were investigated. Temperatures and pressures were varied from 160 to 200 o C and 101.3 to 200 kPa, respectively. The effect of hydrogen diluted with nitrogen in the anode feed was examined with nitrogen concentrations up to 70%. Overall, the PBI MEA provided greater performance than the TPS for all tested conditions. Our results show that the performance loss due to high dilution levels can be wholly mitigated by an increase in operating temperature, pressure, or a combination thereof. For example, even at a dilution level containing 70% nitrogen, operating the cell at 200 o C and at 200 kPa provides the same power output as running the cell on pure hydrogen at 160 o C and at atmospheric pressure. This data can be used to model the performance effect of high diluent concentrations in the anode gas feed when developing an integrated reformer/fuel cell system.

show abstract

Experimental results from a 5kW PEM fuel cell stack operated on simulated reformate from highly diluted hydrocarbon fuels: Efficiency, dilution, fuel utilisation, CO poisoning and design criteria

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

A chemical looping process for hydrogen production using iron-containing perovskites

A chemical looping process for hydrogen production using iron-containing perovskites

Experimental performance evaluation of a combustion heat-assisted catalytic flat plate fuel reformer for fuel cell grade hydrogen

Performance of high temperature PEM fuel cell materials. Part 1: Effects of temperature, pressure and anode dilution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About