Experimental restriction of fetal growth

Owens, J.; Owens, Philip; Robinson, J. S.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511570230.007

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Intra-uterine growth retardation is associated with a lighter placenta (Owens et al, 1995), and a positive relationship between placental weight and birth weight was reported in a developing country population (Hibbert et al, 1999). In contrast, increased, rather than reduced, placental size has been linked to SGA infants in industrialized populations (Lao & Wong, 1999), and it has been suggested that a high placental : foetal ratio is induced by poor maternal nutrition (Barker et al, 1990;Godfrey et al, 1996), although not all studies support this hypothesis (Perry et al, 1995).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Human Growth-retarded Foetusesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermal Environment and Human Birth Weight

Wells

2002

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Section: Characteristics Of Human Growth-retarded Foetusesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermal Environment and Human Birth Weight

Wells

2002

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…The major impact of placental growth on fetal weight in sheep has been clearly demonstrated using the technique of carunclectomy (Owens et al 1995). This experimental manipulation can result in growth-retarded fetuses whose viability after birth is reduced (Harding et al 1985).…”

Section: Placenta: Pregnancy: Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal nutrition in early-mid gestation and placental size in sheep

et al. 1998

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We investigated the influence of restricted maternal nutrition between 30 and 80 d gestation on placental growth. Singleton-bearing ewes were fed on either 0.6 (i.e. nutrient restricted) times their energy requirements or 2.25 times this amount (i.e. controls) up to 80 d gestation, when their placentas and fetuses were sampled and analysed. Nutrient-restricted ewes lost body condition score but not body weight and had lower plasma thyroid hormone concentrations than controls, but there were no differences in plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids or 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations between groups. There was no effect of maternal nutrient restriction on fetal weight, conformation or organ weights with the exception of brain weight which was lower in nutrient-restricted ewes. Nutrient restriction had no effect on total placental weight, or proportion of inverted placentomes, but was associated with an increased abundance of small placentomes and decreased weight of the fetal but not maternal components of the placenta. Fetal cotyledons from nutrient-restricted ewes also had a lower DNA but higher haemoglobin concentration than those sampled from controls. The plasma concentration of triiodothyronine in umbilical cord plasma was also increased in fetuses from nutrient-restricted ewes. In conclusion, maternal nutrient restriction during early-mid gestation is associated with a smaller placenta.

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“…Placental insufficiency and IUGR are common causes of low birth weight, and are associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension, maternal tobacco smoking, and placental pathology (8,9). Fetuses identified as being growth restricted have been found to be hypoxemic, hypoglycemic, and to have elevated plasma cortisol concentrations (10 -12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Compromised Respiratory Function in Postnatal Lambs after Placental Insufficiency and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

et al. 2001

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Epidemiologic studies have shown persistent effects of low birth weight on respiratory function and lung health, but underlying mechanisms are not understood. Our aim was to determine the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a major cause of low birth weight, on postnatal respiratory function. IUGR was induced by umbilico-placental embolization during late gestation in chronically catheterized sheep. Umbilicoplacental embolization was performed between 120 d of gestation and term (~146 d) during which fetuses were hypoxemic and hypoglycemic relative to controls. Umbilico-placental embolization led to a 48% reduction in birth weight compared with controls, and throughout the postnatal study period IUGR lambs (n ϭ 8) remained lighter than controls (n ϭ 8). Respiratory function was repeatedly studied in lambs for 8 wk after birth; during this period, IUGR lambs were mildly hypoxemic and tended to be hypercapnic compared with controls. In IUGR lambs, relative to controls, O 2 consumption (mL/min/kg) and minute ventilation (mL/kg) were increased and pulmonary diffusing capacity (adjusted for functional residual capacity) was decreased. Functional residual capacity, measured by helium dilution, and total lung capacity (measured at 30 cm H 2 O) were smaller in IUGR lambs than in controls. When adjusted for functional residual capacity, static lung compliance was reduced and chest wall compliance was increased in IUGR lambs. Restricted fetal growth, resulting in low birth weight, has been associated with altered lung development and impaired respiratory function after birth. Recent studies of neonates and infants who have been growth restricted in utero indicate that they have an increased risk of mortality and morbidity (1), including respiratory distress (2, 3). Respiratory compromise may persist during postnatal development as it has been shown that children with evidence of growth restriction in utero have reduced forced expiratory flow rates (4, 5) indicative of impaired airway function. In addition, adults who were of low birth weight and, therefore, likely to have been growth restricted in utero, have reduced expiratory flow rates and an increased risk of respiratory morbidity and mortality (6, 7). Thus, a number of epidemiologic studies suggest that pulmonary gas exchange and airway function after birth may be affected by IUGR.Placental insufficiency and IUGR are common causes of low birth weight, and are associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension, maternal tobacco smoking, and placental pathology (8, 9). Fetuses identified as being growth restricted have been found to be hypoxemic, hypoglycemic, and to have elevated

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Experimental restriction of fetal growth

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Thermal Environment and Human Birth Weight

Thermal Environment and Human Birth Weight

Maternal nutrition in early-mid gestation and placental size in sheep

Compromised Respiratory Function in Postnatal Lambs after Placental Insufficiency and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

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