Experimental researches in chemistry and physics

Faraday, Michael; Goetz, Edward J; Wood, D.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.30054

Cited by 114 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…As a consequence, Fischer performed extensive experiments which lead him to the conclusion that the powders indeed consisted of gold in its elemental state 26) . Around the same time, in the context of very detailed studies on the optical properties of colloidal aqueous gold dispersions, thin gold films and leafs, Faraday arrived at the conclusion that gold particles which are too small to be visible in optical microscopes can be present in water indeed in the metallic state 27,28) . In 1899, Stoeckl and Vanino confirmed with the help of the polarization behavior of the light passing a colloidal gold dispersion in water that the gold in fact existed as solid metal particles and not as individual metal atoms, ions or metal complexes 29) .…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposites of polymers and metals or semiconductors: Historical background and optical properties

Caseri¹

2000

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

535

335

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Upon transmission of visible light through composites comprising of a transparent polymer matrix with embedded particles, the intensity loss by scattering is substantially reduced for particle diameters below 50–100 nm (nanoparticles, nanosized particles). As a consequence, related materials (nanocomposites) have found particular interest in optical studies. The first part of this article deals with a historical survey on nanoparticles and nanocomposites and the importance of small particle sizes on their optical properties. The second part focuses on results from our laboratory concerning nanocomposites with extremely high or low refractive indices and dichroic nanocomposites and their application in bicolored liquid crystal displays (LCD). The inorganic colloids required for these studies (lead sulfide, iron sulfides, gold, and silver) were prepared in situ in presence of a polymer or isolated as redispersable metal colloids modified at the surface with a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of an alkanethiol. The nanocomposites themselves were finally obtained by coprecipitation, spin coating, solvent casting or melt extrusion, with poly(ethylene oxide), gelatin, poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyethylene as matrix polymers.

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposites of polymers and metals or semiconductors: Historical background and optical properties

Caseri¹

2000

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

535

335

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“…The existence of a water layer on the surface, even without skating, was already suggested by Faraday [3]. Computations and measurements indicate that this layer is only a few molecules thick, such that one cannot speak of this water layer as a hydrodynamic system, see e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Skating on slippery ice

Leeuwen

2017

SciPost Phys.

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The friction of a stationary moving skate on smooth ice is investigated, in particular in relation to the formation of a thin layer of water between skate and ice. It is found that the combination of ploughing and melting gives a friction force that is rather insensitive for parameters such as velocity and temperature. The weak dependence originates from the pressure adjustment inside the water layer. For instance, higher velocities, giving rise to higher friction, also lead to larger pressures, which, in turn, decrease the contact zone and so lower the friction. By treating ice as a Bingham solid the theory combines and completes two existing but conflicting theories on the formation of the water layer.

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“…The first quantitative observations relating to timedependent magnetic and electric fields were made by Faraday (1831) in experiments on the behavior of current in circuits placed in time-varying magnetic fields. In his experiment with mercury as the conducting fluid flowing in a glass tube placed in a magnetic field, he observed that a voltage was induced in a direction perpendicular to both the direction of the flow and magnetic field.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydromagnetic Turbulent Flow Between Two Parallel Infinite Plates

Karimi¹,

Kinyua²

2017

SJAMS

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Abstract:In this study we shall investigate hydromagnetic turbulent unsteady flow of an incompressible electrically conducting fluid between two parallel infinite plates. The flow variables such as velocity and thermodynamic properties at every point of fluid vary with respect to time. The effect of an applied transverse magnetic field normal to the main flow direction on the dynamic behavior of the fluid when the lower plate is stationary and the upper plate is impulsively started in opposite direction at constant velocity shall be investigated. Further, we shall investigate how the various parameters such as Peclet Number and Eckert Number affect the flow; in particular, velocity and temperature profiles. A finite difference method shall be used to solve the coupled non-liner and dimensionless partial differential equations governing this problem.

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Experimental researches in chemistry and physics

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

Nanocomposites of polymers and metals or semiconductors: Historical background and optical properties

Nanocomposites of polymers and metals or semiconductors: Historical background and optical properties

Skating on slippery ice

Hydromagnetic Turbulent Flow Between Two Parallel Infinite Plates

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