Experimental research on the mechanisms of improving water flooding in fractured-vuggy reservoirs

Guo, Wanjiang; Fu, Shuaishi; Li, Aifen; Xie, Haojun; Cui, Shiti; Nangendo, Jacqueline

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2022.110383

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Figure 22, the schematic diagram of the yellow circle is shown in the middle picture, while the oil displacement process of the gel foam at the yellow circle is shown in the right picture. The formula for calculating adhesion work was obtained from Equation (1). When the wetting angle increased, it can be seen from the formula that the adhesion work decreased.…”

Section: Mechanical Mechanism Of Gel Foam Leaving Residual Oil In The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Influencing Factors on the Extraction of Residual Oil through the Gel Foam Flooding of Underground Reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield

Li,

Hou,

Wen

et al. 2023

Gels

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Fractured-vuggy reservoirs are mainly composed of three types: underground rivers, vugs, and fractured-vuggy structures. Based on the similarity criterion, a 3D model can truly reflect the characteristics of the multi-scale space of a fractured-vuggy reservoir, and it can reflect fluid flow laws in the formation. Water flooding, gas flooding, and gel foam flooding were carried out in the model sequentially. Based on gas flooding, the enhanced recovery ratio of gel foam flooding in the underground river was approximately 12%. By changing the injection rate, the average recovery ratio of nitrogen flooding was 6.84% higher than that of other injection rates at 5 mL/min, and that of gel foam flooding was 1.88% higher than that of other injection rates at 5 mL/min. The experimental results showed that the gel foam induced four oil displacement mechanisms, which selectively plugged high-permeability channels, controlled the mobility ratio, reduced oil-water interfacial tension, and changed the wettability of rock surfaces. With different injection-production methods, gel foam flooding can spread across two underground river channels. Two cases of nitrogen flooding affected one underground river channel and two underground river channels. By adjusting the injection rate, it was found that after nitrogen flooding, there were mainly four types of residual oil, and gel foam flooding mainly yielded three types of remaining oil. This study verified the influencing factors of extracting residual oil from an underground river and provides theoretical support for the subsequent application of gel foam flooding in underground rivers.

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Section: Mechanical Mechanism Of Gel Foam Leaving Residual Oil In The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the types of oil and gas reservoirs discovered worldwide, fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs play a crucial role [1]. Geological reserves account for 60% of the total reserves of conventional reservoirs, and their production occupies approximately 50% of the total production of conventional reservoirs [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Influencing Factors on the Extraction of Residual Oil through the Gel Foam Flooding of Underground Reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield

Li,

Hou,

Wen

et al. 2023

Gels

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“…Consequently, a series of 3D physical model techniques for fractured reservoirs has emerged, integrating 3D geometry and spatial arrangement of fractures to systematically examine oil–water flow dynamics within FMDS. However, the quantification of fracture properties, the creation of 3D fracture networks, the interaction between fractures and the matrix, and oil–water gravity differentiation present formidable challenges; existing methodologies have been unable to achieve quantitative 3D physical simulation of fractured reservoirs. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Waterflooding Characteristics of a Large-Scale Physical Low-Permeability Model Based on a Similarity Criterion

Jiao,

Zhang,

Hou

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…Carbonate reservoirs account for approximately 70% of global oil and gas reserves, of which 2/3 are fractured-vuggy reservoirs [1]. It is estimated that the proved oil and gas reserves from carbonate reservoirs were approximately 2.93 Gt and 3.37 × 10 3 billion cubic meters [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pioneering work in the field was performed by Neale and Nader [8], where they investigated how the caves influence the permeability of the porous media. Guo et al [1] used 3D printing technology to experimentally study the production improvement effect during water flooding. Their results suggest that the oil-water gravity differentiation plays a significant role in changing the remaining oil distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs Based on Field Outcrops

Li,

Kang,

Zhang

2023

Water

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We propose a novel workflow to investigate the complex flow behaviors and remaining oil distribution related to the oil–gas–water three-phase system based on information from typical outcrops of fractured-vuggy reservoirs. A refined geological model is built to represent the size, geometry, and spatial distribution of the karst caves and fractures extracted from the field outcrop photographs. The combination of the perpendicular bisector (PEBI) grid technique and the control-volume finite difference method is adopted for space discretization. We have validated the numerical model against experimental data. Numerical simulations were performed to explore the impacts of the permeability of karst cave and natural fractures and the position of natural water bodies upon oil production performance. Numerical results indicate that (1) the cave permeability has few impacts on the oil production, yet the fracture permeability plays a significant role in determining the oil recovery; (2) a higher permeability of the fractures will lead to a longer period of time for no-water oil production and, thus, a higher oil recovery; (3) the position of natural water body shows significant impacts on oil recovery, e.g., a short distance between the natural water body and the production well tends to form preferential passages, causing severe reduction of water flooding range; and (4) the distribution of remaining oil is controlled by spatial patterns of the fractured-vuggy system and reservoir development schemes. We found that the remaining oil is mainly distributed along the model boundaries and at the corner of the caves with single or multiple connection/s to fractures.

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Experimental research on the mechanisms of improving water flooding in fractured-vuggy reservoirs

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of the Influencing Factors on the Extraction of Residual Oil through the Gel Foam Flooding of Underground Reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield

Analysis of the Influencing Factors on the Extraction of Residual Oil through the Gel Foam Flooding of Underground Reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield

Experimental Study on Waterflooding Characteristics of a Large-Scale Physical Low-Permeability Model Based on a Similarity Criterion

Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs Based on Field Outcrops

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